Cell Characteristics
Chemistry of Life
The Rise and Fall of Macromolecules
Science Basics
Lab Procedures
100
An organism that lacks a nucleus is what?
What is a prokaryote cell
100
What is an solution and what are the comonets of it?
A solution is the mixtures of solvent and solutes, and the two components are solvent and solute.
100
What is the process that builds monomers into polymers?
What is Dehydration Synthesis?
100
Name the important historian figure that disproved spontaneous theory.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
100
What is the microscope that students use in the lab?
Brightfield Microscope/ Compound Light Microscope
200
Draw and explain the difference or prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus with free-floating DNA and other membrane-bound organelles and are smaller. While Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and DNA in nucleus, various membrane-bound organelles within their cytoplasm, and are larger.
200
A solution has a pH of 6, is it more basic or acidic?
The solution is more acidic
200
Explain the monomer and polymers of the four macromolecules that was discussed in lecture
Carbohydrate
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Polymer: Polysaccharide
Protein
Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Proteins
Lipid
Monomer: Fatty acid/ glycerol
Polymer: Lipid
Nuclei-acids
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: Nuclei-acids
200
What are the three domains of the Woese-Fox system of classification and list 1 examples of each section?
Bacteria: Prokaryotes
Archea: Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes: Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminths
200
Explain why a specimen might be heat fixed
1. To kill an organism
2. To make sure an organism stays on the slide
3. To make it acceptable to stains
300
What is the appendage that helps a microorganism moves is called what?
What are a flagellum?
300
What is an atom that has the same number of protons but difference number of neutrons
What is an isotopes?
300
What are the reasons a protein might denature?
- Extreme heat/ cold
- Strong acids/ bases
- Harsh chemicals
- Ionizing radiation
300
Explain the difference between a scientific law and theory
A scientific law describes a phenomenon that consistently occurs under certain conditions, often expressed as a mathematical equation (" what"), while a scientific theory explains why that phenomenon happens, providing a broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved (" why")
300
Write the difference of TEM electron microscope and SEM electron microscope and what do they help microbiology see
TEM Electron Microscope: Microscope used for looking into the internal structures of the microorganism
SEM Electron Microscope: Microscope used for looking at the 3D structure of the microorganism
400
A microorganism that has a shape of an oval is?
What is bacillus
400
Draw an ionic bond between two atoms and explain what they do
400
In DNA, there are matching monomers that build a hydrogen bond together and match with only that base, what are the matching bases?
A=
C=
A=T
C=G
400
Write out 3 examples of microbiology fields and explain what they do and how they help with humanity.
1. Medical Microbiology: This branch studies and diseases and cause infections in humans and animals
2. Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology: This branch monitors and controls the spread of disease in in public health.
3. Immunology: This branch studies the complex web of protective substances that cells produce in response to infection
4. Industrial Microbiology: This branch safeguards out food/ water from microbes
5. Agricultural Microbiology: This branch studies the connect of microbes and domesticated plants and animals
6. Environmental Microbiology: This branch studies the effect of microbes on the environment and the earth's habitats
400
Explain the five i's that are used in lab
1. Inoculation: Sample of a microorganism is placed into a sterile container
2. Incubation: A sample of the microorganism is placed in an incubator for 48 hours and left to grow
3. Isolation: Separation of different microorganisms from each other
4. Inspection: Using the microscope to look at the microorganism/ or looking at the media they grew on
5. Identification: Using the physical characteristics of the microorganism to identify what type of microbe it is
500
Explain the cell membrane characteristics between gram-negative cell and gram-positive cells?
Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane and turn purple whilst
Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and have an outer lipid membrane and turn pink.
500
Organic molecules have __________?
A. carbon-hydrogen bonds
B. sulfer-hydrogen bonds
C. nitrogen-hydrogen bonds
D. oxygen-hydrogen bonds
A. carbon-hydrogen bonds
500
Explain the protein structures from smallest to largest
Primary Structure: is the order of amino acids
Secondary Structure: is localized modular structure (alpha helix, beta sheet)
Tertiary Structure: is the three-dimensional shape of the protein (folded polypeptide chain)
Quaternary Structure: Two or more folded polypeptide chain
500
True/False: Microscopic organisms produce more oxygen than plants
True
500
An microbiologist is inspecting their lab results, list the different cultures they could come across when inspection?
1. Pure culture (single species)
2. Mixed Culture (two or more species)
3. Contaminated Culture (has unwanted microbes in culture)