Overview of Microbiology
Describe spontaneous generation.
Life comes from nonliving matter
What happens in decomposition reactions?
Larger molecules break down into smaller molecules
High concentration to low concentration
What are fimbriae used for in bacterial cells?
Allow bacteria to stick to one another and to other surfaces
What are the functions of SER and RER?
SER: lipid synthesis and processing
RER: protein synthesis and processing
What are the 5 common properties of all living things?
1. Composed of 1+ cells
2. Can reproduce
3. Products of evolution
4. Store, process, and transmit information
5. Acquire and use energy
Describe the different chemical bonds.
Nonpolar Covalent: equal electron sharing
Polar Covalent: unequal electron sharing
Ionic: electrons transferred
Hydrogen: attraction between H+ and negatively charged atom
Fill in the blank:
The ______ shape is long chains of rod-like cells.
What structure of bacteria prevents the cell from drying out?
Glycocalyces
What eukaryotic structures are used for movement?
Cilia and flagella
What are Koch's postulates?
1. Agent must be present in every infected host and not in a healthy person
2. Agent must be isolated and grown outside of host
3. Must be injected into healthy host and cause disease
4. Same agent must be isolated from the same infected host
What elements do all living organisms have to contain?
Carbon and Hydrogen
What is crenation a result of?
What cellular structure is specific to archaea?
Hami
What is pinocytosis?
Form of endocytosis that is bringing in liquids
What part of the scientific process is defined as a belief made from observations that can be tested?
Prediction
What is the tertiary protein structure?
3D shape that results from R group interactions
Active Processes: expend ATP to move materials against its electrochemical gradient
Examples: uniport, antiport, symport, coupled transport, group translocation
What type of bacteria contains lipid A?
Gram-negative bacteria
What cellular structure is responsible for receiving, processing, and packaging molecules in the cell?
Golgi body
Francesco Redi
How are fats different from phospholipids?
Fats: 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids linked to glycerol
Describe the shape of staphylococcus.
Circular shaped cells clustered together
Name one cellular component that prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells do not.
Nucleoid, endospores, inclusions, pili
What organelles do scientists believe formed from the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts