DNA History
DNA Structure
DNA Replication 1
DNA Replication 2
Challenges
100
What did Griffith's Experiment demonstrate?
A substance in dead bacteria could transform live bacteria (Transforming Principle)
100
What are nucleotides made up of?
1) Sugar
2) Base
3) Phosphate
100
What are the 4 stages of DNA Replication?
1) Initiation
2) Unwinding
3) Elongation
4) Termination
100
Which direction does DNA synthesize?
DNA synthesize in the 5'-3' direction
100
What does DNA methylation do?
1) Differentiate between old and new DNA strands
2) Differentiate between bacteria versus foreign DNA
3) Regulate gene expression
200
What conclusions did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment reveal?
DNA is the transforming material
200
What are purines vs pyrimidines?
Purines: Double Ring Structure (A & G bases)
Pyrimidines: Single Ring Structure (C, U, T bases)
200
How many origin of replication sites does a prokaryote vs eukaryote have?
Prokaryotes - 1 origin of replication sites (OriC)
Eukaryotes - multiple origin of replication sites
200
What is the difference between leading and lagging strand?
Leading strand - synthesize DNA continuously in 5' - 3' direction
Lagging strand - synthesize DNA discontinuously in 5' - 3' direction
200
Draw a DNA nucleotide
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300
What conclusion did Hershey-Chase experiment reveal?
DNA is the genetic material
300
Describe the structure of DNA
DNA is a double helix structure, in which the strands are antiparallel to each other
300
What molecules initates DNA replication
DNA helicase, single-strand binding proteins (SSBs), and DNA gyrase
300
What are Ozaki Fragments?
Short DNA segments found on the lagging strand of DNA replication
300
Use Chargaff's rule to solve the following: If there is 23% adenine, how many guanine, cytosine, and thymine is there?
23% adenine = 23% thymine
27% guanine = 27% cytosine
400
What did Fraenkel-Conrat and Singer's experiment reveal?
RNA is the genetic material for TMV (Tobacco mosaic virus)
400
Which discovered the structure of DNA?
James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin
400
What is required for DNA synthesis to occur?
An RNA primer
400
What does DNA ligase do?
DNA ligases seals in the nicks between dNTPs by covalently joning 5'-phosphate group to 3'-hydroxyl group
400
Draw Theta Replication in E. coli
Jeopardy wont allow me to add image so look at examples from Google/lecture notes
500
What conclusion did Meselson and Stahl's experiment reveal
DNA replication is semiconservative
500
What is the difference between DNA's secondary structure B form, A form, and Z form
B form - Right-handed duplex (alpha helix, most common form)
A form - Right-handed duplex but shorter, wider, and based are tilted
Z form - localized sections of DNA where sequence is alternating G-C pattern, left-handed helix
500
What is the difference between DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I
DNA Polymerase III - Synthesis(Elongate) DNA in 5'-3' direction (adds dNTPs)
DNA Polymerase I - Removes primers and adds dNTPs
500
Why are telomeres essential in Eukaryotic DNA?
Telomeres act as protective caps at the ends of chromosomes, preventing them from degrading or triggering DNA repair mechanisms that could damage the DNA itself
500
Create a DNA meme
N/A