Introduction to Microbes
This specialized area of biology deals with living things that are extremely small to be seen without magnification.
What is microbiology?
This term describes the variation in size and shape of cells of a single species due to nutritional and genetic differences.
What is pleomorphism?
These single-celled eukaryotic organisms are often called "first animals" and mostly live harmlessly in water or soil.
What are protozoa?
Viruses are considered these types of parasites because they cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell.
What are obligate intracellular parasites?
This in vitro method of viral cultivation involves growing cells in sterile chambers with special nutrient media.
What is cell tissue culture?
These three domains make up the classification of all living organisms.
What are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
This structure, made of carbohydrates or glycoproteins, provides protection from the environment and allows attachment to surfaces.
What is the glycocalyx?
This theory explains the origin of eukaryotic organelles as primitive cells that became trapped in larger cells.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
This term describes the protein shell surrounding the nucleic acid in a virus.
What is a capsid?
These clear patches in a cell culture sheet indicate areas where virus-infected cells have been destroyed.
What are plaques?
This historical belief suggested that invisible life forces present in matter led to the creation of life.
What is spontaneous generation?
This component of the bacterial cell wall is targeted by penicillin and ampicillin antibiotics.
What is peptidoglycan?
These two forms of microscopic fungi can sometimes be exhibited by the same species in a phenomenon called dimorphism.
What are molds and yeasts?
This type of virus cycle involves the viral DNA entering an inactive state and inserting into the bacterial chromosome.
What is the lysogenic cycle?
This virus-like agent that parasitizes plants is composed of naked strands of RNA without a capsid or other coating.
What are viroids?
This scientist invented pasteurization and developed the germ theory of disease.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
This process, occurring in some Gram-positive bacteria, forms dormant bodies resistant to heat, pressure, and chemicals.
What is sporulation?
This structure in eukaryotic cells, used for movement, has a characteristic 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
What are flagella or cilia?
These are compacted masses of viruses or damaged organelles in the nucleus or cytoplasm of an infected cell.
What are inclusion bodies?
This antiviral approach causes virus-infected cells to trigger their own death.
What is DRACO (Double-stranded RNA Activated Caspase Oligomerizer)?
These are the four steps of Koch's postulates used to establish whether an organism is pathogenic.
What are:
1) Obtain sample
2) Grow the agent in lab and inoculate a healthy individual
3) Observe signs of disease
4) Re-isolate the agent and confirm it's the same as the initial inoculation?
This acid-fast staining technique is used for bacteria with waxy cell walls containing 60% mycolic acid, such as Mycobacterium.
What is the Ziehl-Neelsen stain?
These macroscopic, multicellular eukaryotic parasites include tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms.
What are helminths?
This non-cellular infectious agent, composed of misfolded proteins, is responsible for spongiform encephalopathies.
What are prions?
This type of virus depends on other viruses for replication and includes the adeno-associated virus (AAV).
What are satellite viruses?