Gene Mutation/Repair/Recombination
A mutation that results in an A to T transformation, but doesn’t change the amino acid codon?
What is a Silent Mutation?
What enzyme is required to convert mRNA into cDNA?
What is reverse transcriptase?
Shoot! I have only a single functional copy of a brain-specific gene, meaning I can’t produce enough functional protein to produce a normal, whole brain cell. What is this genetic phenomenon referred to as?
What is haploinsufficiency?
The average number of offspring produced by genotypes at a locus are: TT = 12, Tt = 12, tt = 4. What pattern of selection is occurring?
What is directional selection against tt?
What phenomenon underlies selective breeding?
What is genetic variation?
What feature of trinucleotide repeat expansions make them hotspots for spontaneous mutations?
What is Hairpin formation?
During gene cloning, why do we prepare plasmids that have an ampR and lacZ gene? What is their purpose?
What is : AmpR serves as a selectable marker, LacZ allows us to determine if the bacteria took up the genetically engineered plasmid with our gene of interest?
What are two common functions of tumor-suppressor genes?
What is negatively regulating cell division and maintaining genome integrity?
In a population, the average number of offspring produced by three genotypes are: AA = 8, Aa = 4, aa = 2. What is the relative fitness of the heterozygous genotype Aa?
What is 4/8=0.5?
Two inbred strains of corn are crossed, and the following fitness values (measured as number of seeds produced) are observed:
DD = 12
Dd = 11
dd = 4
Which hypothesis (dominance or overdominance) best explains the observed heterosis?
What is the Dominance hypothesis?
The Holliday Model suggests recombination initiation begins with nicks at identical sites in one strand in each of two homologous chromatids. How does the initiation of the Double-Strand Break Model differ?
What is initiation begins with a DNA helix to incur a break in both strands of one chromatid?
Name the key fundamental difference between Northern and Western Blotting. Also, why not just always use Western Blotting?
What is : Northern Blotting is used for detecting specific RNA; Western Blotting detects proteins. We don’t always use Western Blotting because not all RNA are protein-encoding.
Give two reasons why RNA-Seq is more advantageous than DNA microarrays?
Reference Slide 17
Reference Slide 24
What are the genotype frequencies of:
- Homozygous dominant (unaffected)?
- Heterozygous carriers (unaffected)?
- Homozygous recessive (affected)?
What is 0.9801, 0.0198, and 0.0001?
A researcher crosses two inbred plant lines and measures fitness:
CC = 5 offspring
Cc = 10 offspring
cc = 4 offspring
Which hypothesis (dominance or overdominance) is best supported by these data?
What is the Overdominance hypothesis?
In the Nucleotide Excision Repair System of E.coli, what is the role of UvrD?
What is a Helicase?
After cloning Dolly, researchers noticed something concerning genetically. What specific genetic feature was awry?
What are shortened telomeres?
What type of inheritance(s) is/are displayed in this pedigree (assume complete penetrance)?
Reference Slide 18
What is Autosomal Dominant?
Reference Slide 24
Assuming random mating, what is the probability that two phenotypically unaffected carriers will mate with each other?
What is 0.0392%?
A researcher is studying fur density in a population of arctic foxes. She calculates the following components of phenotypic variation: VA:0.5, VD:0.3, VI:0.2, VE:1, VGE:0
What is the narrow-sense heritability of fur density?
What is 0.0098%?
A man was diagnosed with Zellweger syndrome (deficient in peroxisomes) and his DNA was analyzed. They found significant DNA mutations throughout his body, but particularly in his muscle cells. What is the source of these mutations?
What are reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
I’ve just received the COVID-19 vaccine, but now I’m feeling really sick! What is my immune system responding to (what is the specific protein), and what cell type is produced to remember the COVID protein?
What are spiked glycoproteins and Memory B cells?
About 50% of all cancers are associated with mutations in this gene___. Bonus Points (200) : What specific cell pathway can this gene initiate to deal with potentially cancerous cells?
What is p53 and the apoptotic pathway?
Reference Slide 24
Assuming random mating, what is the probability that two phenotypically unaffected carriers will mate and have a child with PKU?
What is 0.0098%?
A researcher is studying fur density in a population of arctic foxes. She calculates the following components of phenotypic variation: VA:0.5, VD:0.3, VI:0.2, VE:1, VGE:0
What is the broad-sense heritability of fur density?
What is 0.0098%?