Process of Science
Is the concept of evolution a scientific law or a scientific theory?
Evolution is a theory.
Is natural selection random?
No
What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?
The alleles an individual carries for a specific trait are its genotype, while the allele expressed by the individual is its phenotype.
Like natural selection, sexual selection is a ____ form of evolution.
Nonrandom
Does evolution affect individuals?
No, evolution takes place over generations.
What is a hypothesis?
A proposed explanation that can be tested.
What are the three kinds of selection?
Directional, stabilizing, and disruptive.
True or false: Most mutations are harmful or have no effect.
True
If a certain trait gives an individual a higher chance of survival, but decreases its chance to reproduce, would this trait be selected for?
No, reproduction must occur for natural selection to occur.
Does genetic drift increase or decrease genetic variation?
Decrease
Can a hypothesis be proven?
No, a hypothesis is either supported or not supported.
Is "survival of the fittest" an accurate description of natural selection? Why/why not?
No; The selected trait must be passed to offspring for natural selection to occur.
What makes up a heterozygous genotype?
One dominant allele and one recessive allele.
Female birds preferring brightly-colored male birds is an example of ___ selection.
Intersexual
A wildfire wipes out 95% of a mouse population. After the fire, the mice reproduce and eventually regain their original population size. However, the genetic variation within this population has dramatically decreased. What force of evolution is this?
Bottleneck effect
What is a theory?
An explanation of the natural world that is well-supported by facts, laws, and tested hypotheses. Although theories are often widely accepted, they are not completely proven.
Give a real world example of natural selection.
(Multiple correct answers)
What is an allele?
A variant of a specific gene
Two male elk fighting over a female elk is an example of ____ selection.
Intrasexual
This force of evolution involves the establishment of a new population by a small group of individuals.
Founder effect
What are the two types of explanatory science?
Why (causes, reasons) and How (mechanisms)
What are the three requirements for natural selection to occur?
1. Genetic variation
2. A difference in reproductive output between traits
3. Traits are inherited
If an organism is haploid, that means it has __ allele(s) for each gene.
1
What is sexual dimorphism, and how is it connected to sexual selection?
Sexual dimorphism is a distinct physical difference between different sexes of the same species (excluding reproductive organs). Intrasexual selection can give males a different appearance than females.
Which force of evolution is most likely to bring new alleles into a population?
Gene flow