Cardiac Cycle & Heart Structure
___________ contain desmosomes and gap junctions that link adjacent cardiac muscle cells together.
What are intercalated discs?
____________ cells make up the cardiac conduction system and are responsible for intiating and propagating action potentials that travel through the heart.
What is myocardial conducting?
The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.
This layer of the blood vessel wall is composed primarly of smooth muscle supported by elastic fibers.
What is the tunica media?
The most common leukocyte present in the blood.
What is a neutrophil?
The period in which ventricular pressure is rising and greater than atrial pressure, but not yet greater than arterial pressure.
What is isovolumetric contraction?
The aspect of the electrocardiogram (ECG) that represents ventricular repolarization.
What is the T-wave?
________ represents the arterial blood pressure during ventricular relaxation.
What is diastolic pressure?
In veins, the tunica intima can have thickened sections of endothelium that form _________.
What are valves?
The most abundant protein in blood plasma.
What is albumin?
The __________ is only present in the right ventricle. It helps reinforce the thin walls of the right ventricle and connects the conduction system to the papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve.
What is the moderator band?
This ion channel is responsible for the prepotential phase in myocardial conducting cell membrane potentials.
What are Na+ funny channels?
Increasing one of the following will lower resistance to blood flow:
Blood viscosity, Blood Vessel Length, Blood Vessel Diameter.
What is blood vessel diameter?
The 3 different capillary classifications: from least permeable to most permeable.
What are continuous, fenestrated and sinusoid?
These two features of the erythrocyte make it especially easy for gasses to diffuse across their plasma membrane.
The first heart sound is caused by _________,
the second heart sound is caused by _________.
What are the closing of the Atrioventricular (AV) valves and closing of the semilunar (SL) valves?
In the event of a complete (third degree) heart block, the ventricle will continue to depolarize regularly according to the pace of the _________.
What is the AV node?
The 3 factors that influence the stroke volume of the heart.
What are preload, contractility, and afterload?
These two pressures both contribute to reabsorption during capillary exchange.
What are capillary colloid osmotic pressure and Interstitial fluid hyrdostatic pressure?
Someone with a blood type of AB+ can donate blood to individuals with __________ blood type(s).
What is AB+?
From superficial to deep, list the layers of the pericardium and the layers of the heart.
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral Pericardium/Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
The _________ phase in myocardial contractile cells prevents the heart from entering tetanus. This phase is caused by the steady influx of ________ ions.
What are the plateau and Ca2+?
5 hormones that influence blood pressure in the body.
What are atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Epinephrine/Norepinephrine, aldosterone, Erythropoietin (EPO)?
Venous blood pressure is much lower than arterial blood pressure. These 3 mechanisms help propel blood in the veins back to the heart.
What are the muscular pump, respiratory pump and sympathetic venoconstriction.
The formed elements of blood that are derived from the myeloid stem cell line.
What are platelets, erythrocytes, granular leukocytes (basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil) and monocytes?