Scientific Method
The description of deductive reasoning
What is it summarizes the information at hand and draw conclusions from that information; proceeds from
the general to the specific
The 3 things mentioned that energy is used to support
- Movement (either of cell itself or of materials into and out of the cell)
- Signaling responses (such as hormone production and perception, nerve impulses etc.)
- Other forms of cell work (symbiotic relationships with other organisms, defense against pathogens)
The description of a compound
What is it contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio & has characteristics different from those of its elements
The description of oxidation
What is the removal of electrons
The 4 elements that make about 96% of the mass of most living things
What is O,C,H,N
The description of inductive reasoning
What is Drawing a generalization from several specific observations; proceeds from the specific to the
general.
BONUS - it is impossible to prove the accuracy of the generalization
The way energy applies to Endocytosis and Exocytosis
What is they are both forms of active transport so they require energy to function
- Endo = brings material into the cell
- Exo = releases material to outside the cell
The difference between chemical formula and structural formula
- chemical formula: a shorthand formula showing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule (ex. NaCl). Another name is molecular formula
- structural formula: shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule (ex. water H─O─H)
The description of reduction
What is an electron is gained (charge is reduced)
The way atomic number is calculated
What is number of protons in the nucleus
The 5 characteristics of the Scientific Method
1. Testable
2. Can be repeated
3. Ongoing
4. Relies on communication (societal needs impact funding and interests)
5. Is a human endeavor
The terms for
1. organisms that manufacture their own food from simple materials
2. obtain energy by eating other organisms
3. obtain energy by breaking down the wast products, by products, and dead bodies of producers and consumers
What is
1. Autotrophs (producers)
2. Heterotrophs (consumers)
3. Decomposers
The description of a molecule
What is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds & may be composed of one or more elements
The other name of these reactions
What is Redox Reactions
The way isotopes are formed
What is atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
The difference between Hypothesis vs Theory
- Hypothesis explains the existing the observations and makes predictions that can be tested (often more that one is made)
- Theory: a well supported hypothesis that links together a large body of observations
Carbohydrate(food) + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
What is how producers use the food they produce through oxidative respiration
The description of a mole
The amount of a substance that in grams has the same number as the atomic mass & One mole of a substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles of that substance (Avogadro’s number)
The role of oxygen in oxidation
What is oxygen is the most common oxidizing agent but is not required
The answer that ranks the elements boron, chlorine, beryllium, and argon in order of decreasing number of valence electrons.
A. Cl → Ar → B → Be
B. Ar → Cl → B → Be
C. Cl → B → Be → Ar
D. Ar → Be → Cl → B
What is option B
The thing that can never be proven true only supported or disproved
What is a hypothesis
Carbon dioxide + Water + light energy -> Carbohydrate(food) + Oxygen
What is how producers usually produce food by the process of photosynthesis
The description of an electron orbital
What is he three-dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time & each electron shell (energy) consists of a specific number of orbital
- ex. 1s2, 2s2,2p2
Can oxidation occur without a reduction?
What is no, they are always paired together
The term for unstable isotopes and what do they undergo
What is radioisotopes and decay