BIOL005C Unit 1: Genetics

Scientific Method

100

This is the first part of the scientific method 

What is observation?

200

This step of the scientific method involves proposing an explanation based on observations

What is hypothesis?

300

For experimentations, there must be these two types of groups

What are control and experimental groups?

400

In the example of the beach and inland mice, this step is demonstrated in the following claim: Mice that match their habitat are preyed on less than mice who do not

What is prediction?

500

These are the general steps of the scientific method

What is observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment?

Mendelian Genetics

100

This is an alternative version of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

What is an allele?

200

This is used to determine the probability of different phenotypic/genotypic outcomes for offspring

What is a punnett square?

300

This is the name of the model proposed by Mendel to oppose the blending model

What is the particulate model?

400

This is the first generation that the recessive phenotype can be observed in Mendel's experiment

What is the F2 generation?

500

This law states that alleles of genes on nonhomologous chromosomes assort separately from one another

What is the law of independent assortment?

Probability

100

This rule applies when finding the probability of two both events happening 

What is the law of multiplication?

200

What is the probability of rolling a 2 or a 4 on an eight-sided dice

What is 1/4?

300

This is the probability of getting an offspring with the genotype Pp from a cross of Pp X pp

What is 1/2?

400

This is the probability of an offspring with the genotype aabb from the cross AaBb x AaBb

What is 1/16?

500

This is the probability of an offspring with genotype AabbCCDd from a cross between AABbCcDD x AabbCCDd

What is 1/32?

Non-Mendelian Genetics

100

In this type of dominance, both phenotypes can be seen demonstrated, ie. roan horses

What is codominance?

200

In this, multiple genes independently affect a single trait, such as in skin color

What is polygenetic inheritance?

300

This is when one gene affects the phenotype of another, such as in labrador coloration

What is epistasis?

400

These are the possible phenotypes for blood types

What are A, B, AB, and O?

500

This is when genes have multiple phenotypic effects, such as in sickle-cell anemia

What is pleiotrophy?

Mutations

100

This is the cause of all genetic variation

What is mutation?

200

This is a substance or environmental factor that increases the rate of mutation

What is a mutagen?

300

These are the four types of point mutations

What are silent, missense, nonsense, and frame shift

400

These are the two primary sources of mutations

What are errors in DNA replication and errors in chromosomal meiosis?

500

This type of mutation can be passed onto offspring

What is germline?