Viruses
What are the two parts of a virus
Nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) + protein surrounding (capsid)
What are the three prokaryotic cell shapes?
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirillum
What are the three ways that protists move
Cilia, pseudopods, flagella
Green algae are divided into two major clades. What are they?
Chlorophytes and Charophytes
What are the three types of relationships that fungi can have with other organisms?
Parasitic, commensal, mutualistic
What are 4 ways we classify viruses?
•Classified into DNA or RNA virus
•Use host range, virion morphology, and genome type when classifying
•Can be based on disease or the host
•Classification based on genome expression
What are the three types of prokaryotic respiration. Define each
•Obligate aerobes – require oxygen
•Facultative anaerobes – can tolerate oxygen
•Obligate anaerobes – cannot live in the presence of oxygen
Which group of protists contains the protist that is considered the closest living relative to animals?
Opisthokonta
What 3 groups of plants make up Bryophytes?
Liverworts, mosses, hornworts
What is the most common means of reproduction in fungi?
Spores
Lytic: explodes the cell
Lysogenic: integrates into the cell
What is the difference between Bioremediation and Biostimulation?
•Bioremediation – use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil
•Biostimulation – addition of nutrients to encourage growth of microbes
Chromalveolata is comprised of two subgroups, what are they?
alveolates and stramenopiles
Fruits can be categorized in multiple ways. How they enclosed their seeds (____ or _____) and how many ovaries/flowers they come from (____, _____, and _____).
Define each blank.
Fleshy (soft, fleshy tissue) or dry (enclosed in hard or papery covering)
Simple fruits (single ovary), Aggregate fruits (one flower with multiple ovaries), Multiple fruits (many flowers)
Lichen is made up of what?
Fungus + photosynthetic partner
What are the two types of viral infections.
There are 3 different kinds of the second. What are they?
(Hint: A infection, B infection (B type1, B type 2, B type 3)
Acute
Persistent (Chronic, latent, slow)
What are the three form of horizontal gene transfer?
Describe each.
•Conjugation:Genes move from one cell to another
•Transduction: virus taken DNA from one bacterial cell to another
•Transformation: bacteria pick up DNA from their environment
What are the three groups of protists within Excavata?
diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans
What are the 5 groups of seed plants? (hint: 4 are within a larger group)
•Conifers
•Cycads
•Gnetophytes
•Ginkgoes
•Angiosperms
Basidiomycota are named for ____ while Ascomycota are named for _____.
Tell me the shape of each of the answers above.
Basidia (club-shaped reproductive structures), Ascus (saclike reproductive structure)
A vaccine makes antibodies specific to a certain ____.
What are the 4 different kinds of vaccines?
Antigen
1. Inactivated
2. Live-attenuated
3. Viral vector
4. Genetic (mRNA)
How do pathogenic bacteria cause disease in the body? (hint: what are the steps?)
•Enter the body
•Colonize at the site of infection
•Evade the immune system
•Spread to other parts of the body
•Cause damage by producing toxins or by triggering an inflammatory response
3 parts
Define endosymbiosis.
How many membranes will an organelle have in there has been primary endosymbiosis? Secondary endosymbiosis?
What are the 4 pieces of evidence for endosymbiotic theory?
1. organism living within another organism and providing some sort of benefit
2. 2, 4
3. -Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own, circular DNA
-Ribosomes inside mitochondria similar to bacterial ribosomes
-Chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate by binary fission- not mitosis
-Multiple membrane layers around
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Draw out the haplodiplontic life cycle
See slide 11 on seedless plants powerpoint
What are the 6 groups that make up the Kingdom of fungi?
Blastocladiomycota
Zygomycota
Neocallimastigomycota
Chtryidiomycota
Glomeromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota