Chemistry/Macromolecules & The Cell
What are the three types of chemical bonds in the body?
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
What are two differences between connective tissue and epithelial tissue?
Connective - can be any: various vascularity (CTP adipose richly vascularized, but cartilage poorly vascularized), supports other tissues, contains ECM
Epithelial - avascular, polarity, regenerative, innervated
Name 4 of the 7 functions of bone
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral & growth factor storage
Blood cell formation
Fat storage
Hormone production
What are the major divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic & Autonomic
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
What component of the integumentary system has functions that include protection, body temperature regulation, cutaneous sensations, metabolic functions, a blood reservoir, and excretion of wastes?
Skin
What type of substance is a proton acceptor?
(Hint: an acid or a base?)
base
What type of cartilage are our intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis made of?
Fibrocartilage
What are the two types of places called where a muscle attaches to a bone?
Insertion (movable)
origin (immovable)
What are the four major lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occiptal
Which region of the skin consists of mostly fibrous connective tissue and is vascular?
Dermis
Proteins
What is the difference between CTP elastic cartilage and CTP dense elastic?
Elastic cartilage is dense with elastic fibers, maintains the shape of the structure while allowing great flexibility, rare in the body, only found in the ear and epiglottis.
CTP dense elastic has many elastic fibers, but all run the same direction allowing for high recoil after stretching. Found in the aorta & other large arteries, and the walls of bronchial tubes
Osteocytes
What kind of channel opens when the threshold potential is reached during an action potential?
Voltage-gated Sodium channels
What type of sweat gland secretes viscous milky or yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances and proteins?
(Hint: they usually begin functioning at puberty)
Apocrine sweat glands
What organelle plays a role in packaging proteins and other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane, and in packaging lysosomal enzymes?
golgi apparatus
What type of tissue makes up the stomach?
Smooth muscle
What type of cartilage is replaced with bone tissue in the fetal skeleton?
Hyaline cartilage
The Sodium/Potassium pump moves how many & what types of ions in what direction?
What type of perspiration occurs when body temperature rises which increases sweat gland activity?
sensible perspiration
What is the name of the stage of mitosis when the centromeres of chromosomes split simultaneously and each sister chromatid now becomes a separate chomosome?
anaphase
What is this tissue? Where do you find it in the body?
(see bottom of google doc)
CTP dense irregular.
Found in dermis of the skin, fibrous joint capsules (shoulder)
What chemical is released by an action potential in muscle tissue in order for muscle contraction to occur?
Calcium
What prevents the action potential from flowing backward, back up the axon?
The refractory period of Na+ and K+ channels
What are the four cell types found in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic (Langerhans)
Tactile (Merkel)