Evolution
Speciation
Reproductive- Isolation
Species Concepts
Phylogeny
100
Evolution is a change in ______ frequencies over time
What is Evolution?
100
The term for speciation events occurring between populations in different geographic areas
Allopatric/Allopatric speciation
100
Two different species breed at different times of the year. What type of reproductive barrier to gene flow does this represent?
What is temporal?
100
Which species concept classifies species primarily upon physical characterisitcs?
What is Morphological Species Concept?
100
Two species sharing an immediate common ancestor are called___
What is sister taxa?
200
Darwin argued that all life shares ___ ancestry, and his greatest contribution was proposing the process of ____ _____
What is common ancestry and natural selection?
200
One population becomes geographically separated. What must be limited for the two populations to begin evolving independently?
What is gene flow?
200
Two species attempt to mate, but differences in their reproductive structures prevent successful mating. What barrier is this?
What is mechanical isolation?
200
Two populations cannot interbreed, but look almost identical. Which species concept provides the strongest evidence that they are separate species?
What is Biological Species Concept?
200
A and B share a more recent common ancestor than A and C. Who is A more closely related to?
What is B?
300
In a bird population, very small and very large eggs have lower survival than medium-sized eggs. What type of selection is occuring?
What is stabilizing selection?
300
A few penguins ride a broken tree log down a river to a new glacier. Later this glacier splits in half, consequently splitting the population in half. Which two processes occurred, in order?
What is Dispersal, Vicariance?
300
Two species mate, but sperm cannot fertilize the other species' eggs. Name the barrier AND type.
What is gametic incompatibility, pre-zygotic?
300
Two populations can produce fertile hybrids and have similar physical appearance. However, they have distinct DNA sequences. Which concept could still classify them as separate species?
What is Phylogenetic Species Concept?
300
Species A branches earlier than Species B. Which species is more evolved?
What is NEITHER.
Both lineages continued evolving.
400
Two populations start with the same allele frequencies. After many generations, their frequencies differ by chance. What process caused this, and where would it be strongest?
What is genetic drift, strongest in smaller populations
400
Two populations diverge while geographically separated. They later come back into contact and freely produce fertile offspring. What is this an example of>
What is speciation reversal?
400
Two species produce healthy offspring, but the offspring cannot reproduce. Name the barrier AND type.
What is hybrid sterility; post-zygotic
400
Two populations can interbreed, but each forms a distinct evolutionary lineage based on DNA. Which species concepts could disagree about whether they are separate species?
What is Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts?
400
You are looking to construct a tree to display the relationships amongst 5 species. Your professor asks you to scale these relationships to time, what is the name of the diagram you will construct?
What is a CHRONOgram?
500
A rare allele causes an animal to warn nearby relatives of predators, but doing so lowers its own survival. The allele still increases over generations. What evolutionary concept could explain this?
What is kin selection?
500
A few individuals colonize a new area and become separated from the original population. What type of speciation may follow, what caused the separation, and what must be limited?
What is allopatric speciation, dispersal, and gene flow?
500
Two populations can mate and produce fertile offspring, but almost never mate in nature because they use different habitats. Does a barrier exist? If so name the barrier AND type.
What is ecological isolation, prezygotic?
500
Two populations differ in appearance and DNA but occasionally produce fertile hybrids. Which concepts support separating them, and which creates a problem?
What is Morphological + Phylogenetic support separation, Biological Species concept conflicts with the other concepts.
500
A cladogram and chronogram show the same branching pattern, but only one shows that A and B diverged 2 MYA while A and C diverged 8 MYA. Which tree shows this, and what does its branch length represent?
What is a CHRONOgram, branch length represents time.