Study of Life/ Chemical Foundation of Life
What is biology?
The study of life
A dimer has how many parts?
Two
What organelle produces ATP for the cell?
The Mitochondria
What type of conditions are present in tonicity?
Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
The energy currency used by cells is ________.
ATP
What type of bond forms between a Metal and a Non-Metal?
Ionic Bond
What is a monomer?
Small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures
Ribosomes are...
Proteins that translate the mRNA into proteins
Water moves via osmosis _________.
high to low concentration
What makes an exergonic reaction?
a net loss of invested energy in the reaction
What are the kingdoms of life?
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, (Eu)Bacteria, Archaebacteria
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are ________.
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules (Lipids)
Whats the difference between the peroxisomes and lysosomes?
Peroxisomes - Clean Up Waste
Lysosomes - Digest Organic Molecules
In which of the following environments would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation?
- an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid
- a red blood cell surrounded by plasma
- a salmon moving from a river into an ocean
a salmon moving from a river into an ocean
When the energy invested into the reactants is lower than the energy invested in the products, what is the reaction?
endergonic
An atom has an atomic mass of 23 and has 17 neutrons. What element is this atom?
Carbon
What is the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions assemble molecules; hydrolysis reactions break molecules apart.
Why is it assumed that mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally independent organsisms?
Enveloped by a double membrane, Contain free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules, Grow and reproduce somewhat independently in cells
A phospholipid molecule has ______________.
a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water and a hydrophobic tail afraid of water
How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
by binding to an allosteric site, thus changing the shape of the active site of the enzyme
A(n) ________ has charge but negligible mass, whereas a(n) ________ has mass but no
charge.
electron; neutron
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ________.
Monosaccharide
Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing?
motor proteins
A plant cell placed in a hypotonic solution will...
Puff up - won't blow up due to cell wall.
what type of inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme and is this worse or better than the other types of inhibition?
competitive inhibition, better than noncompetitive inhibition because in competitive inhibition the ligand can knock it out.