Mendelian Genetics
What is an Allele?
a copy of a gene
Perform a cross between Aa and aa.
Aa Aa
aa aa
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the central dogma to biology?
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
3
What are the types of dominance?
Complete Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance
What is the name for the area a gene is located on a chromosome?
Locus
Where in the cell does DNA replication happen?
The nucleus
What is a gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a trait
What happens in Translation
RNA -> Protein
If a redhead (b) had 4 kids with a person with brown hair (B) and all the kids had brown hair, what is the type of dominance shown?
Complete dominance
What is an imprinted gene?
When only one copy of an allele will show up (could be from mother or father)
What protein glues together the Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?
Ligase
What is the difference between transcription and translation
Transcription -> DNA to RNA
Translation -> RNA to Protein
What is an anticodon?
the region of tRNA that matches with the codon in the mRNA
What type of dominance is displayed if black and white cows mate and get a black and
white spotted offspring?
Codominance
If a colorblind male mates with a heterozygous color-seeing female, what percentage of the offspring will inherit colorblindness? What percentage of each of the sexes will inherit colorblindness as well?
50% overall, one daughter one son so 50% female and 50% male offspring
What direction is DNA read in?
5' to 3'
What happens in each phase of protein synthesis?
Primary - AA chain forms
Secondary - AA chain changes into alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
Tertiary - Many secondary structures com together
Quaternary - Many tertiary structures come together
Explain initiation, Elongation, and termination.
I - Ribosome attaches to mRNA
E - Ribosome moves along mRNA, makes and elongates AA chain
T - Ribosome stops and hops off the mRNA
If the offspring look like
BB Bb
Bb bb
What are the genotypes of the parents?
Bb, Bb
If the offspring of a XY and XRX cross display a 33.3% carrier and a 66.6% healthy ratio, what can be assumed about the XR gene?
The cross would look like
XRX XX
XRY XY
So in order for the percentages to show thirds, the XR gene is lethal, and the son affected would die.
Translate this into a complementary strand of DNA
AATGCTAGGATCA
TTACGATCCTAGT
Translate this DNA to RNA
ATGGCTAGTTGCCC
UACCGAUCAACGGG
Translate this to an amino acid chain (google codon chart)
AUG UGC AUC CUA GUA CCC AUU CUU GUC UGA
START Cys Lle Leu Val Pro Lle Leu Val STOP