Gene regulation
______ gene regulation is almost always monocistronic and positive regulation.
Eukaryotic
This mutation has no effect on the individual
Synonymous substitution or silent
What functional groups make a peptide bond
COOH and NH2
What is the function of B galactosidasee
Convert lactose into glucose and galactose
the linking of two DNA molecules by in vitro
manipulations for the purposes of generating a
novel organism with desired characteristics
Explain coupling and what operon uses this.
Combination of transcription and translation. Trp operon
Which mutation reduces normal function
hypomorphic mutation
Explain a transition vs a transversion. Which is more common?
Transition (py to py or pur to pur) (more common)
Transversion (py to pur visa versa)
What is a palindromic sequence
The inverted repeats. Going one way is the exact same as going the other.
What is the function of restriction enzymes and what are the two results options associated with them.
They cut out sequences at their restriction site. result in either blunt or sticky ends.
What type of regulation is used in the trp operon
repressible negative regulation
These are the three hot spots for mutations
dynamic mutations, transposable elements, methylated cytosines
What molecular mechanism creates barr bodies?
Methylation
Fragile X syndrome is a result of ____ kind of mutation
Dynamic
A _____ is DNA molecule into which another DNA
molecule can be inserted for _____.
vector; cloning.
Name the function of Gal4, Gal80, and galactose in the gal1 operon.
Gal 4- transcriptional activator
Gal 80- repressor
Galactose- disables gal 80 (can think of it as inducer)
Define restrictive vs permissive conditions.
Permissive- in condition where normal gene is expressed
Which sequence of the trpL creates the terminating stem and loop? Non-terminating stem and loop?
1,2- nonterm
2,3- terminating
Name the 4 chemical modifications of histonese
• Methylation
• Acetylation
• Phosphorylation
• Ubiquitination
Name the 4 scenarios of glucose and lactose in the lac operon and the fate of transcription in each.
Lactose + Glucose= no
No Lactose + Glucose= no
No Glucose + Lactose = yes
No Glucose + No Lactose= no
Which amino acids are altered in sickle cell anemia? Name this kind of mutation and how it effects the shape of RBC's.
Glutamic acid to valine. NP valine moves to avoid water and distorts shape. Frameshift mutation
Angelman syndrome results from:
The deletion of Ma's genes where UBE3A is slienced on Pa and supposed to be expressed on ma
Where do these molecules bind/have affinity for:
Transcriptional activator protein
RNA Polymerase holoenzyme
TBP association factor
Transcriptional activator protein- Enhancer
RNA Polymerase holoenzyme- affinity for basal transcription factors
TBP association factor- promotor
Explain microarray technique