BIOL303 Unit 4 Exam

DNA Replication

100

This is the site where DNA replication begins

Origin of Replication

200

DNA is replicated in this manner, as confirmed by Meselson and Stahl

Semiconservative

300

This is the area where two strands of DNA are being actively unwound

Replication Fork

400

This is the direction of DNA synthesis

5' --> 3'

500

These are the 3 things required for replication to occur

Single stranded DNA

dNTPs

Enzymes/Proteins to help

DNA Replication Enzymes

100

This is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the addition of new nucleotides during DNA replication

DNA polymerase

200

This is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication

DNA Helicase

300

This is the enzyme responsible for adding RNA nucleotides to start DNA replication

Primase

400

This is the enzyme responsible for sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone

DNA ligase

500

This is the enzyme responsible for preventing DNA supercoiling in bacterial cells

DNA Gyrase

DNA Polymerases

100

This is the DNA polymerase responsible for elongating DNA during bacterial replication

DNA pol III

200

This is the eukaryotic DNA polymerase that initiates DNA synthesis

Alpha

300

This is the DNA polymerase responsible for leading strand synthesis in eukaryotic cells

Epsilon 

400

DNA polymerases can have various activities depending on their function. What are the 3 possible enzymatic functions?

5' --> 3'  polymerase

3' --> 5' exonuclease

5' --> 3' exonuclease

500

These 3 DNA polymerases work to repair DNA in E. coli

II, IV, and V

RNA

100

This term describes an RNA that can serve as a biological catalyst

Ribozyme

200

The addition of this functional group causes RNA to be less stable than DNA

2'-OH

300

This kind of RNA is what is initially produced from transcription

pre-mRNA

400

These two small RNAs carry out RNA interference

miRNA and siRNA

500

This type of RNA suppresses transposable elements

piRNA

Transcription Basics

100

These are the 3 stages of transcription

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

200

This is the strand of DNA that has the same nucleotide sequence as the RNA transcript, apart from the thymine to uracil switch

Coding Strand

300

RNA is transcribed in this direction

5' --> 3'

400

These 3 regions are found within a transcription unit

Promoter, RNA-coding region, Terminator

500

These are the 3 things required for transcription

DNA template

rNTPs

Transcriptional machinery

RNA Polymerases

100

This RNA polymerase transcribes eukaryotic pre-mRNA

RNA pol II

200

This binds to bacterial RNA polymerase to help it bind the promoter

Sigma factor

300

This is the number of subunits found in the sole bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme

5

400

This is formed when the sigma factor joins the core enzyme in bacterial cells

Holoenzyme

500

These 2 RNA polymerases are only found in plant cells

RNA pol IV and V

RNA Processing

100

This is what is added to the 5' end of mRNA

7-methyl guanosine

200

This is added to the 3' end of mRNA

Polyadenylation sequence

300

This processing step allows a single mRNA transcript to be made into multiple different proteins

Alternative Splicing

400

This nucleotide is located at the branch point of introns

Adenine

500

This enzymatic complex is where RNA splicing occurs

Spliceosome

Translation

100

These are the building blocks for proteins

Amino acids

200

This refers to the flexibility in the 3rd nucleotide in an anticodon, allowing tRNAs to base pair with multiple codons

Wobble

300

These tRNAs would be connected to the same amino acid

Isoaccepting tRNA

400

This complexes with GTP to attach the first tRNA to the start codon in bacteria

Initiation Factor 2

500

This regenerates elongation factor Tu from its GDP-bound form to its GTP-bound form

Elongation factor Ts

Miscellaneous

100

Multiple ribosomes translating a single strand of mRNA

Polyribosome

200

The term used to describe tRNA once an amino acid has been added

Charged

300

Bacterial cell transcription termination method that involves inverted repeats creating a hairpin in the mRNA

Rho-Independent Termination

400

A unique DNA structure that forms during homologous recombination that connects two duplexes of DNA

Holliday Junction

500

mRNA surveillance that eliminates mRNA with premature stop codons in eukaryotes

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay