Organization of Life
Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?
Frontal (coronal) plane
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?
To provide energy
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
How many chromosomes are found in a human sperm or egg cell?
23 chromosomes
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Epidermis
Proximal
What are the small building blocks that join together to form proteins?
Amino Acids
What cell division allows the body to grow and repair damaged tissue?
Mitosis
What is the name of the process that produces sperm and egg cells?
What type of epithelial tissue consists of a single layer of flattened cells?
Simple squamous epithelium
When body temperature rises, sweating helps cool the body and return its temperature to normal. What type of feedback mechanism is this?
Negative feedback.
What type of lipid is the main structural component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What cellular structure reads mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins?
Ribosomes
What is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis called?
Crossing over
What is the gel-like material found between connective tissue cells and fibres called?
Ground substance
Anatomy focuses on structures... While physiology examines, what?
How those structures function
What type of bond holds complementary nitrogenous bases together between the two strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the name of the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid?
Codon
True or False: Mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed down to offspring.
False.
A patient develops a sunburn with fluid-filled blisters. Which two layers of the skin area affected?
Epidermis and dermis
A patient presents with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which major organ located in this region might be involved?
Liver
Which type of cellular respiration produces significantly more ATP?
Aerobic respiration
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S Phase
What type of mutation changes a DNA sequence but does not change the amino acid it produces?
Silent mutations
The outermost layer of the epidermis consists of dead, keratinized cells. What is this layer called?
Stratum corneum