Water
What is the chemical formula for water?
What pH value is considered neutral?
7.00
What's the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide (e.g., glucose)
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What property allows water molecules to stick together?
Cohesion
A solution with a pH of 3 is acidic or basic?
Acidic
Name a polysaccharide used for energy storage in plants.
Starch
What lipid makes up cell membranes?
Phospholipids
How many different amino acids are there?
20
Why does ice float on water?
Ice is less dense due to stable hydrogen bonds forming a spaced-out lattice.
If pH changes from 7 to 5, how many times more acidic is it?
100 times (10x per pH unit)
What polysaccharide makes up plant cell walls?
Cellulose
Name a lipid that acts as a hormone.
Steroids (e.g., testosterone, estrogen)
What happens when a protein loses its shape due to heat or pH?
Denaturation
What property allows water to climb thin tubes against gravity?
Capillary Action (Adhesion + Cohesion)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What do buffers do in biological systems?
Resist changes in pH (maintain homeostasis)
What's the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What's the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds (solid at room temp), unsaturated fats have double bonds (liquid at room temp).
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What type of bond links amino acids together?
Peptide bond
Why does water have a high specific heat?
Hydrogen bonds absorb lots of heat energy before breaking.
What ion concentration does pH measure?
Hydrogen ion (H+) concentration
What polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?
Glycogen
What two components make up a triglyceride?
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Name two functions of proteins in organisms.
Enzymes, structure, transport, defense, signaling (any two)