Species, Variation, & Adaptations
What is the science definition of species?
Two organisms capable of creating offspring that can also reproduce successfully.
List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages both asexual & sexual reproduction.
Asexual: Advantages are do not need to find a partner and reprod. occurs fast.
Sexual: Advantages are genetic diversity and disease resistance.
In a population of humans, eye color can be classified as blue, brown, green, or hazel, with no in-between shades. Is this an example of continuous or discrete variation?
Discrete
What is selective breeding?
Intentional mating of two specific animals (ex: dog breeding)
Where is the world is there the most biodiversity?
Near the equator.
In a population of Arctic foxes, some individuals have a thicker fur coat than others, allowing them to survive colder winters better. Is this an example of variation or adaptation?
Variation (Difference within a species)
List all 5 types of asexual reproduction.
Binary Fission, Budding, Fragmentation, Asexual Spores, and Vegetative Growth.
Create a Punnett Square find the genotype of offspring with a homozygous mom and heterozygous dad.
Genotype:
Rr = 100%
**Could have used any letter**
What is extirpation?
The extinction of a species in certain locations.
Which type of variation do you typically use a lined graph for? Continous or discrete?
Continuous
Emperor penguins huddle together in large groups to stay warm during the freezing Antarctic winter. Is this an example of a structural or behavioural adaptation?
Behavioural
What is the difference between internal and external fertilization? List an animal that uses internal fertilization. List an animal that uses external fertilization.
Internal Fert. = Sperm + Egg fertilization outside the body. Ex: Sea urchins, Fish, Worms, Sponges, etc.
External Fert. = Sperm + Egg fertilization inside the body. Ex: Us, Mammal, Marsupials, bird, etc.
If an organism, when a zygote, has 54 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its gametes have?
27 chromosomes
A team of conservationists monitors a population of endangered snow leopards in the wild and implements protective measures in their natural habitat to prevent poaching and habitat loss. Is this an example of in-situ or ex-situ conservation?
In-situ
What is a variant of a gene called?
An allele
What is the difference between a broad niche and a specific niche? AND what are animals called in these areas?
Broad: Extreme weather conditions, occupy a large area, animals with broad niches are called generalists.
Specific: Stable weather conditions, occupy a small area, and animals with specific niches are called specialists.
Yeast cells, commonly used in baking, can form small outgrowths that eventually pinch off and grow into new, identical yeast cells. What type of asexual reproduction is this?
Budding
Does randomization occur in mitosis or meiosis? AND when specifically does it occur during the cell division process.
Meiosis only. It occurs when the chromosome are lined about during the FIRST division.
What is natural selection?
When the environment favours certain traits over others, allowing individuals to survive and pass on their genes.
What does DNA stand for (spelling counts!)? AND what are the four letters that make up DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid. DNA is made up of A, T, G, and C.
Barnacles often attach themselves to the shells of sea turtles. The barnacles benefit by gaining a safe place to live and access to food particles as the turtle swims through the water. What type of symbiosis is this?
Commensalism
What is a zygospore?
A form of SEXUAL reproduction. Used by molds/fungi.
What is a mutagen? List an example.
Anything that causes a mutation. Ex: UV rays, X rays, heavy metals, etc.
What is a seed bank?
A seed bank is a facility that houses the seeds of many important plant species, in the event, they should become endangered/extinction.
A scientist is testing how different amounts of sunlight affect the growth of a plant. Each plant receives a different number of hours of sunlight daily, while the amount of water and type of soil are kept the same. The scientist measures the height of each plant after two weeks. Is the amount of sunlight the controlled, manipulated, or responding variable?
Manipulated