Biological Preparedness
Smell, taste, and touch
What are the three sensory abilities that begin to develop in newborns shortly after birth, playing a crucial role in their early experiences and interactions with their environment?
This controls every part of our bodies.
What is the brain?
Just like the characters in Disney’s Inside Out show different emotions, infants also have biologically based differences in how strongly they react. This is called what?
What is temperament?
What does (G x E) stand for?
Gene by the Environment interactions
The four attachment styles
What is Secure, Insecure-avoidant, Insecure-ambivalant, Insecure-disorganised?
A reciprocal interaction between the caregiver and infant in which the caregiver sustains attention and responds affectionately to the infant’s cues.
What does "attunement" mean?
The covering layer of cerebrum
What is the cerebral cortex?
If Moana were an infant, she might be an “easy” baby (curious, adaptable). But if Inside Out’s Anger were an infant, he’d fit this temperament type.
What is difficult temperament?
This term describes how much of the differences we see in traits like temperament can be explained by genetics.
What is heritability?
Riley’s move shows emotions change as new brain connections form. This kind of adaptability is called what?
What is plasticity?
At birth, babies are attracted to high-pitched sounds, which parents typically use when they talk to them. At birth, babies are drawn to high-pitched sounds that parents often use when talking to them.
What sounds attract babies at birth, and how do parents communicate with them?
The set of brain structures that forms the inner border of the cortex, processes emotional info
Limbic System
Tony Stark (Iron Man) shows extraversion and Hulk shows negative affect. These match two of the three dimensions of temperament described by Rothbart. What’s the third one called?
What is effortful control?
What is the order of DNA letters?
ATCG
Known for her Miranda Sings persona, this YouTuber faced backlash for overly personal fan interactions, showing behavior’s link to social context.
Who is Colleen Ballinger?
This transition is crucial for developing social skills and emotional intelligence, helping infants learn empathy and communication necessary for healthy future relationships.
What are the benefits of adapting to social rhythms?
Which child's brain had fewer active regions?
Romanian Orphan
According to Rothbart, this dimension of temperament reflects how positively or negatively a child typically reacts to new stimuli.
What is negative affectivity?
In this show the main characters power are the results of experimentation and genetics, but it’s her relationship with her friends that support her emotional and social development. What show is this?
Stranger Things
This research showed infant monkeys and human babies seek comfort and touch from caregivers, proving attachment isn’t just about feeding.
What is Harlow's monkey experiment (or the study of cloth vs. wire mothers)?
Music is known to spark emotional responses in infants. Songs like “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” can facilitate bonding between parents and their babies, tapping into infants' natural predisposition to respond to rhythmic sounds and melodies.
What role does music play in an infant's biological preparedness?
A baby is born with how many neurons? (nerve cells)
100-200 billion
This theory states that a child’s adjustment depends not only on their temperament but on how well it matches parental expectations and environment.
What is the goodness-of-fit model?
What is the difference between a Genotype and a Phenotype?
Genotype = The particular set of genes inherits from his or her parents
Phenotype = The observable and measurable genetic expression of the individual’s physical and behavioral characteristics
This questionnaire measures temperament in early teens to study how personality shapes social and emotional development.
What is the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ)?