Proteins
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called this level of structure.
What is the primary structure?
This is the basic building block, or monomer, of carbohydrates.
What is a monosaccharide?
These are the monomers that make up nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
This type of lipid makes up the main structural component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
These macromolecules are the body’s main source of quick energy and are found in foods like bread, rice, and fruit.
What are carbohydrates?
This type of bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.
What is a peptide bond?
The bond that links two monosaccharides together in a disaccharide.
What is a glycosidic bond?
In DNA, adenine pairs with this base through two hydrogen bonds.
What is thymine?
These lipids are made of glycerol and three fatty acids.
What are triglycerides?
Foods like meat, eggs, and beans are rich in this macromolecule, which is essential for building and repairing tissues.
What are proteins?
Hemoglobin is an example of this level of protein structure, because it consists of multiple polypeptide chains.
What is quaternary structure?
This polysaccharide is the main storage form of glucose in plants.
What is starch?
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides.
What is ribose?
This steroid lipid is an important component of animal cell membranes and a precursor to hormones.
What is cholesterol?
Olive oil, butter, and avocado are high in this type of macromolecule, which provides long-term energy storage.
What are lipids?
The loss of a protein’s shape, often caused by heat or pH changes, is known as this process.
What is denaturation?
This structural polysaccharide, found in plant cell walls, cannot be digested by humans because we lack the enzyme to break β-1,4 linkages.
What is cellulose?
This process copies DNA into RNA and occurs in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains are classified as this type.
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
This type of carbohydrate, found in whole grains and vegetables, cannot be digested by humans but aids in digestive health.
What is dietary fiber (or cellulose)?
These proteins speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
What are enzymes?
This is the isomer of glucose that circulates in human blood and serves as the body’s primary energy source.
What is D-glucose?
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
The amphipathic nature of phospholipids causes them to spontaneously form this structure in water, which is the basis of biological membranes.
What is a bilayer?
These essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet.
What are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?