Carbs
This is the name of the basic monomer, aka “simple sugars,” that makes up carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
What is the main function of lipids?
Long term energy storage
What are the monomers of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
What are proteins made of?
amino acids
Which biological molecule is not considered a true polymer?
Lipids
What do glucose and fructose combine to form?
Sucrose
What are the two main parts of a triglyceride?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
What part makes each amino acid different?
The R group
What process uses water to break polymers into smaller molecules?
Hydrolysis
What molecule is removed during dehydration synthesis joins two monosaccharides?
Water (H2O)
How many fatty acids are in a triglyceride?
Three
What base is found in RNA instead of thymine?
Uracil
What bond connects amino acids together?
A peptide bond
Which biological molecule contains genetic information?
Nucleic acids, especially DNA
This polysaccharide stores glucose in animals and humans especially in the liver and muscles
Glycogen
What part of a phospholipid is attracted to water?
The hydrophilic head
What are the four bases in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
Name two functions of proteins in the body?
They can act as enzymes, provide structure, transport substances, or act as chemical “messangers”
Which carbohydrate gives plant cell walls strength and rigidity?
Cellulose
What is the main difference between starch and glycogen?
Search stores glucose in plants while glycogen stores it in humans and animals
What is one main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fats have no carbon-carbon double bonds, unsaturated have one or more.
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is usually single stranded and uses uracil instead of thymine
What can happen to a protein if temperature becomes too extreme?
It can lose its shape and stop functioning properly
What type of lipid includes cholesterol and hormones like testosterone and estrogen?
Steroids