Carbohydrates
What term describes the smallest building blocks that are still carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What component of a triglyceride contains long chains of carbon atoms?
Fatty acids
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What are the polymers of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Starch is to plants as _________ is to humans.
glycogen
Which type of fatty acids are fluid?
Unsaturated
What is the chemical formula for an amino group?
-NH2
What are the components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
Estrogens, aldosterone, and testosterone are steroids/hormones. Which biological molecules are steroids?
Lipids
What is the term for molecules that have the same molecular formulas but different structural arrangements?
Isomers
How many calories per gram are there in lipids?
9 calories / gram
Covalent bonding between the R groups results in which type of structure?
Tertiary
What are the components of the molecule that is considered the energy currency of the cell?
Adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups
Dehydration synthesis occurs between 2 glucose molecules. What are the products?
Maltose and water
How many carbon atoms are in a sucrose molecule?
12
Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
polar head made of a phosphate group
bonded to a glycerol
bonded to two non-polar fatty acid chains
What is the function of albumin?
Maintain blood volume and pressure
Explain the structure of the nitrogenous bases and how they pair/bond
(OO) Adenine and thymine (O) pair with 2 hydrogen bonds
(OO) Guanine and cytosine (O) pair with 3 hydrogen bonds
(OO) = purine
(O)) = pyrimidines
Acidic groups can be found on the building blocks of which biological molecules?
Lipids and proteins
What happens when insulin is released in the body?
Stimulates the liver to absorb glucose from the blood stream and form glycogen.
Explain why it is not wise to put saturated fats down the drain?
Saturated fats solidify at room temperature and create blockages and clogs in drains.
Explain the function of an enzyme and give two examples.
Biological catalyst that speeds up reactions by reducing the activation energy of a reaction.
Amylase, lactase, lipase, etc.
State the differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA is double stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar
RNA is single stranded, contains ribose sugar
How many glucose sub units are contained within 4 x lactose, 3 x maltose, 2 x sucrose?
12