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Experimental Design
Statistics
Genetics
Evolution
Ecology
100
This is the kind of variable that you purposefully manipulate.
What is the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
100
This is the definition of continuous variation, and what biological factors (genes and/or the environment) determine it.
What is a data set that includes a RANGE of values, or can include in-between numbers, and is usually determined by both GENETICS and the ENVIRONMENT.
100
A woman has six sons. This is the chance that her next child will be a daughter. A. 1/1 B. 0 C. 1/2 D. 1/6 E. 5/6
What is C: 1/2 (50% because "chance has no memory!")
100
Charles Darwin was the first person to propose: A. that evolution occurs. B. a mechanism for how evolution occurs. C. that the Earth is older than a few thousand years. D. a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence. E. a way to use artificial selection as a means of domesticating plants and animals.
What is D: (ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION)?
100
This is an example of a density-independent factor limiting human population growth. A. social pressure for birth control. B. earthquakes C. plagues D. famines E. pollution
What is B: (NATURAL DISASTERS are INDEPENDENT OF POPULATION DENSITY)
200
This is the kind of variable that you measure as a response.
What is the DEPENDENT VARIABLE?
200
This is the definition of categorical data, and what biological factors (genes and/or the environment) determine it.
What is a set of data that can be measured into different GROUPS with no in-betweens. Often the result of GENETICS alone.
200
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, this is the probability that the offspring will be short.
What is 0%? Tt x TT can yield offspring of either TT or Tt (both tall).
200
Of the following anatomical structures, this is homologous to the wing of a bird. A. dorsal fin of a shark B. hindlimb of a kangaroo C. wing of a butterfly D. tail fin of a flying fish E. flipper of a cetacean (whales & dolphins)
What is E: (FLIPPER because it has similar bones suggesting common ancestry, but may be used for different purposes)?
200
With a few exceptions, most food chains have a maximum of how many links (trophic levels)? A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10 E. 15
What is C: (5 because there is not enough energy to passed up further tropic levels)
300
A good research question should written to include these three things. (fill in the blanks): "What are the effects of _________ on ___________?"
What (INDEPENDENT VARIABLE) on (DEPENDENT VARIABLE)?
300
This is the statistical test used to compare whether there is a difference between two sets of continuous data.
What is a T-TEST?
300
This is an example of polygenic inheritance (where more than one gene controls the expression of a trait). A. pink flowers in snapdragons B. the ABO blood groups in humans C. Huntington's disease in humans D. white and purple flower color in peas E. skin pigmentation in humans
What is E: (HUMAN SKIN PIGMENTATION)?
300
Of the following, this MUST exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population. A. genetic variation among individuals. B. variation among individuals caused by environmental factors. C. sexual reproduction. D. B and C only. E. A and B only.
What is A: (GENETIC, not environmental VARIATION)
300
This term encompasses (includes) all of the others. A. heterotrophs B. herbivores C. carnivores D. primary consumers E. secondary consumers
What is A: (HETEROTROPHS include all consumers)
400
On a graph, error bars could represent either of these two things.
What either the RANGE or STANDARD DEVIATION?
400
This is the statistical test used to compare whether there is a statistical difference between two or more sets of categorical data.
What is a CHI-SQUARED test? (x^2)
400
A 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is a sign of this pattern of heredity. A. complete dominance. B. multiple alleles C. codominance D. polygenic inheritance
What is C: (INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE)?
400
Given a population that contains genetic variation, this is the correct sequence of the following events under the influence of natural selection. 1. well-adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. 2. a change occurs in the environment. 3. genetic frequencies within a population change. 4. poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship.
What is 2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 3 ?
400
In general, the total biomass in a terrestrial ecosystem will be greatest for this trophic level.
What are producers (autotrophs)?
500
In the conclusion of a scientific report, the evaluation portion should include these two things.
What are LIMITATIONS of the investigation, and IMPROVEMENTS on how to address the limitations?
500
Comparing two sets of categorical data gives you a p-value of 0.4. This is your interpretation of whether they are significantly different or not.
Why are they NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT (because the p-value is larger than the 0.05 cutoff)?
500
A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. These are the genotypes of these three individuals, and what other genotypes are possible if they have another child (hint: use a Punnett Square).
What are these possible outcomes? For the parents: AO x BO. For the O child: OO. For other possible children: AB, AO, BO.
500
This statement best describes the evolution of pesticide-resistance in a population of insects. A. individual members of the population slowly adapt to the presence of the chemical by striving to meet the new challenge. B. all insects exposed to the insecticide begin to use a formerly silent gene to make a new enzyme that breaks down the insecticide. C. insects observe the behavior of other insects that survive the pesticide and adjust their own behaviors to copy those survivors. D. offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off.
What is D: (future generations are represented by the survivors that successfully reproduce)?
500
Approximately this many kg of carnivore production can be supported by a field plot containing 2000 kg of plant material.
What is 20kg: (2000 plant -> 200 herbivore -> 20 carnivore)