Biology 1 - Unit 5 Review!

DNA Structure

DNA Replication

Protein Synthesis

Transcription

Translation

100

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is what type of macromolecule

a. carbohydrate

b. lipid

c. protein

d. nucleic acid

100

The purpose of replication is two make two identical copies of DNA

a. True

b. False

a. True!

100

What base does RNA have that DNA does not?

a. Thymine

b. Uracil

c. Guanine

d. Adenine

b. Uracil; RNA does NOT have Thymine

100

DNA can leave the nucleus.

a. True

b. False

100

How many nitrogen bases are required to make a codon?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

c. 3

200

DNA is made up of which monomer (building block):

a. monosaccharide

b. nucleotide

c. glycerol & fatty acid

d. amino acid

b. nucleotide

200

The bonds that are broken when DNA is replicated:

a. hydrogen

b. ionic

c. covalent

a. hydrogen bonds (what hold the nitrogen bases of 2 DNA strands together)

200

The monomer (building block) of proteins:

a. monosaccharide

b. fatty acids & glycerol

c. nucleotide

d. amino acid

200

During transcription, DNA is rewritten as:

a. amino acid

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. chromosome

c. mRNA

200

Which type of RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome?

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

b. tRNA

300

The work of Franklin, Watson, and Crick helped us understand the structure of DNA, which has the shape of a:

a. double helix

b. single helix

c. single strand

a. double helix

300

What nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine?

a. Guanine

b. Uracil

c. Thymine

d. Cytosine

c. Thymine (remember this is *just* DNA replication)

300

How many strands does RNA have?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

a. 1

300

Adenine pairs with which nitrogenous base of RNA in transcription

a. Thymine

b. Guanine

c. Cytosine

d. Uracil

300

Translation takes place in the:

a. ribosome

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. chloroplast

a. ribosome

400

What type of bond holds the nitrogen bases together?

a. covalent

b. hydrogen

c. ionic

b. hydrogen bond!

400

The name for the enzyme that pulls the DVA apart during replication:

a. helicase

b. polymerase

c. ligase

a. helicase (purple)

first step of DNA replication

400

Protein synthesis has two steps: 1. Transcription and 2....

a. Transportation

b. Transfer

c. Translation

d. Transmodification

c. Translation

400

What does the "m" stand for in mRNA?

a. mitosis

b. messenger

c. memory

d. mission

b. messenger

400

A chain of amino acids creates...

a. carbohydrate

b. lipid

c. protein

d. nucleic acid

c. protein

500

The rungs (steps) of DNA's 'twisted ladder' is made of:

a. the phosphates

b. the sugars

c. the nitrogenous bases

c. nitrogenous bases (pay close attention to how the bases are paired)

500

The enzyme necessary for adding DNA nucleotides:

a. helicase

b. polymerase

c. ligase

b. polymerase; poly = many (copies!)

500

Segments of DNA that code for proteins and traits are called:

a. genes

b. chromosomes

c. nucleotides

d. bases

a. genes

500

Transcription is the _____________ step of protein synthesis.

a. first

b. second

a. first

500

Using a codon chart, tell me which amino acid is created with given this codon: AUG

a. Met

b. Ala

c. Stop

d. Ser

a. Met (start amino acid for polypeptide chain)