The Scientific Method
A predicted effect of one variable on another, e.g., "If _____ happens, then _____ will occur"
What is a hypothesis?
The force proposed by Charles Darwin favoring individuals with higher fitness in a population, with evolution being the response
What is natural selection?
The cellular division process in which replicated chromosomes are separated into the nuclei of two identical daughter cells
What is mitosis?
Alternate versions of a gene that can result in variance of a trait
What is an allele?
When the alleles of two or more genes are located on the same chromosome
What is gene linkage?
A variable that is altered by an experimenter and is unaffected by any other variable in an experiment
What is an independent (x) variable?
The scientist who proposed that changes in species over time were due to use and disuse of traits which were passed to offspring
Who is Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck?
The cellular division process in gametes that results in chromosomes being separated into four unique daughter cells
What is meiosis?
If a diploid individual's homologous chromosomes contain the same allele, that individual is _____ for that gene. If both alleles are different, that individual is _____ for that gene
What is homozygous and heterozygous?
An offspring genotype that is different from a parental genotype is said to be _____
What is recombinant?
A measurable response in a scientific experiment that may be affected by other experimental factors
What is a dependent (y) variable?
The idea proposed by James Hutton that large geological changes are the result of slow and continuous processes, and that the Earth is much older than previously thought
What is gradualism?
All the 5 phases of mitosis (which are repeated in meiosis)
What is Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase?
An allele that is always expressed in a phenotype when present is said to be _____
What is dominant?
A gene which is located only on the X chromosome which is always expressed in males
What is an X-linked gene?
The claim that no relationship exists between two or more variables being studied in an experiment
What is the null hypothesis?
The concept proposed by Charles Lyell that past events can be explained by what we see now
What is uniformitarianism?
The process that occurs between Prophase I and Metaphase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genes with each other
What is crossing over?
Alleles separate during meiosis and only one gets passed to offspring from each parent
What is the Principle of Segregation?
When a heterozygote phenotype is intermediate between homozygotes
What is incomplete dominance?
One reason for including a null hypothesis in an experiment
What is to provide support for a hypothesis through falsification OR to create an expectation against which observations can be compared?
One of the conditions that Darwin proposed under which evolution would necessarily result
What is individuals in a population vary OR traits are passed from parent to offspring OR individuals differ in their ability to survive and reproduce?
Name two sources of genetic variability in meiosis
What is indepedent assortment of chromosomes OR random fertilization OR crossing over
The way that pairs of allleles separate during meiosis is not affected by other alleles
What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?
If an F1 offspring generation of 100 individuals contains 90 individuals with parental genotypes in regard to two traits, then the distance between the two genes for those traits is _____ centimorgans
What is 10?