Population Genetics I
A group of individuals of the same species in a localized region cabable of mating with one another
What is a population?
Random changes in the allele frequencies within a (usually small) population's gene pool
What is genetic drift?
The proportion of variation among individuals due to differences in genotype (ranges from 0-1)
What is heritability?
True or False? More often than not, many selective forces are acting to influence the phenotypes within a population.
What is True?
A population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed with one another to produce viable, fertile offspring, but who cannot produce viable fertile offspring with other species
What is the Biological Species Concept?
The concept that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant if no evolutionary forces are present
What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Changes in allele frequencies of a population due to migration of fertile individuals between populations
What is gene flow?
The contribution of one phenotype to the next generation relative to the fittest phenotype (ranges from 0-1)
What is relative fitness?
An evolutionary response to multiple selective forces where the intermediate phenotype is favored
What is compromise?
The first step of speciation
What is formation of a barrier to gene flow among populations?
Name three of the conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
What is large population size OR isolated population OR no mutations OR random mating OR no natural selection
The ultimate source of all genetic variation; changes in the structure of DNA
What is mutation?
The mode of selection where individuals at one end of a phenotypic distribution have higher fitness compared to the other end
What is directional selection?
When selection to an optimal phenotype is limited by a population's evolutionary past
What is a historical constraint?
When an extrinsic barrier which physically separates populations and blocks gene flow
What is allopatric speciation?
Given a population with allele frequencies of 0.5 for A and 0.2 for B, the expected frequency of heterozygous individuals is _____
0.2
The phenomenon where individuals with similar phenotyes in a population preferentially breed with each other
What is assortative mating?
If in a population of elephants the individuals with extremely short tusks and extremely long tusks have higher fitness relative to individuals with medium length tusks, this is an example of _____
What is disruptive/diversifying selection?
Name one of the implications of the concept of evolutionary trade-offs
What is organisms are not perfect OR different phenotypes can have the same overall fitness
One of the possible outcomes when diverged populations re-establish contact
What is gene flow reversing effects of divergence OR area of overlap becoming a hybrid zone OR reinforcing mechanisms maintaining or promoting isolation
Given a population with 250 AA individuals, 125 AB individuals, and 125 BB individuals, the frequency of allele A is _____
0.625
Natural selection is the only microevolutionary process that results in _____
What is adaptation?
Name two of the factors which influence mortality selection
A species evolves with the capability of digesting one specific type of food at the expense of mobility. This type of trade-off is _____
What is specialization?
Hybridization which produces sterile offspring that cannot reproduce is an example of a _____ reinforcing mechanism because it prevents the normal development of offspring
What is postzygotic?