Forms of Energy
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or bring about a change.
How many laws of thermodynamics are there?
2
What is metabolism?
the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell
where do substrates attach on enzymes?
On there active sites
what is optimal pH?
it increases the reaction rate of enzymes
What is kinetic energy
the energy of motion
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
What are reactants?
substances that participate in a reaction
what are enzymes?
molecules that speed up chemical reactions without being affected by the reaction. they are usually proteins
how does temperature affect the enzymatic rate?
since the higher the temperature the higher the activity until a limit
What is potential energy?
stored energy in a potentially usable form
what is the second law of thermodynamics?
states energy cannot be changed from one form to another without losing usable energy. no process is 100% efficient.
What are products?
substances that form as a result.
What is the energy of activation?
the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another.
What are cofactors?
when proteins require ions or molecules that activate the active site.
What is chemical energy?
energy associated with atoms in a molecule
What is entropy?
the measure of disorder or randomness in a system
What is free energy?
the amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction
what is substrate concentration?
the more substrate the higher the enzyme activity
How are proteins activated?
with ATP
What is mechanical energy?
energy possessed by an object as the result of its motion.
What are endergonic reactions?
they require an input of energy for reaction to occur
What are exergonic reactions?
spontaneous reactions that release energy
what are ribozymes?
RNA molecules that act as an enzyme and can catalyze chemical reactions
what is cellular respiration?
the process cells acquire energy by breaking down organic molecules.