Organic Chemistry
What is dehydration in a chemical reaction?
Removal of a water molecule
Through what process do plants use chloroplasts to capture light and drive cellular machinery?
What is the atomic number
Number of protons in a nucleus
What is the primary purpose of RNA?
Assembly of proteins
Where is DNA stored?
Nucleus
Give an example of a nucleic acid
DNA,RNA, ATP
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Protein synthesis
Define covalent bonds
Time-sharing electrons
What ion do bases release?
OH-
Puts together finishing touches on the proteins and lipids that arrive from the ER
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the network that gives a cell it's shape, structure, and allows for movement
Cytoskeleton
Define the octet rule
2 electrons in innermost shell, wants 8 orbitals in the outside shell. 3 or less you will donate, 5 or more you will receive
Are polar compounds hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
What organelles are in the endomembrane system?
Nuclear Envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, vesicles
What 2 elements are always associated with organic molecules?
Hydrogen and carbon
What are plasma membranes made out of?
Phospholipids
98% of organisms are composed of these 6 elements
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
What atom gets the slight negative charge in a hydrogen bond?
Oxygen
Why is the mitochondria referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?
It makes ATP
What are oils used for?
Long term energy storage in plants and seeds
What does an intermediate filament do?
What are the horizontal and vertical rows on the periodic table called, and what do they represent?
Horizontal- Periods that indicate the total number of electron shells also get larger and larger as you go right.
Vertical- Groups that indicate the number of electrons in the outermost shell. Also, chemically similar elements.
Why does sweating cool us down?
It takes tons of energy to evaporate water, when the bonds are finally broken it releases the energy in the form of heat. It is removing the heat from your skin
What are 2 main types of vesicles?
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes