Cell City
What structure controls what enters and leaves a cell?
What is the cell membrane?
What does DNA stand for?
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
What is translation?
What is the process of using mRNA instructions to build a protein?
What happens during interphase?
What is the cell grows, performs normal functions, and replicates its DNA in preparation for division?
What is an allele?
What is one version of a gene?
What organelle produces most of the ATP in an eukaryotic cell?
What is the mitochondrion?
What is one major difference between DNA and RNA?
What is DNA usually has two strands and contains thymine; RNA usually has one strand and contains uracil?
Where does translation occur?
What is at ribosomes in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER?
What are the three stages of interphase?
What is G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (growth and preparation for division)?
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
What is genotype is an organism's genetic makeup; phenotype is its observable traits?
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
What enzyme builds an RNA stand during transcription?
What is RNA polymerase?
What does the tRNA do during translation?
What is it brings amino acids to the ribosome and uses its anticodon to pair with an mRNA codon?
During what stage of mitosis are sister chromatids pulled apart?
What is anaphase?
What is the law of segregation?
What is the two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives one allele.
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts but animals cells do not?
What is chloroplasts perform photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. Animals obtain energy by consuming food?
What are introns and exons?
What is introns are removed during RNA processing, while exons are joined together and retained in mature RNA?
What is a codon?
What is a sequence of three mRNA nucleotides that specifies an amino acid or a stop signal?
What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?
What is mitosis divides the nucleus and its chromosomes; cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into separate daughter cells.
If an organism has genotype AaBb, what four gamete types can it produce, assuming independent assortment?
What is AB, Ab, aB, and ab?
How does the endosymbiotic theory explain the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
What is they evolved from bacteria that were engulfed by an ancestral cell and formed a mutually beneficial relationship. Evidence includes their own circular DNA and bacteria-like ribosomes?
If the DNA template strand is TAC GGA, what mRNA sequence is produced?
What is AUG CCU?
Describe the pathway a protein follows when it is secreted outside the cell.
What is DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, mRNA travels to a ribosome on the rough ER, the protein enters the ER, travels in a vesicle to the Golgi apparatus, and then moves in a vesicle to the cell membrane for secretion?
Why can problems with cell-cycle checkpoints lead to cancer?
What is damaged cells may continue dividing instead of stopping for repair or undergoing cell death, allowing abnormal cells to accumulate.
How can a frameshift mutation affect a protein differently from a substitution mutation?
What is a frameshift insertion or deletion changes the reading frame and can alter many downstream amino acids. A substitution changes one nucleotide and may affect only one codon or have no effect.