Codons and such
The amount of distinct amino acids.
What is 20?
The strand that is copied into mRNA.
What is the template strand?
Genes that do not encode functional proteins in eukaryotes.
What are introns?
Expressed coding sequences in eukaryotes.
What are extrons?
Enzyme that performs transcription in prokaryotes.
What is RNA polymerase.
The start codon.
What is AUG? (it specifies the amino acid methionine)
Site of the first nitrogenous base transcription into mRNA(and give label).
What is the initiation site(+1)?
The subunits of RNA polymerase recognize promoter elements at these regions.
What are -35 and -10? (helix is opened at -10)
A group of functionally related genes located next to one another.
What is an operon? (present in prokaryotic transcription, as translation happens directly after)
Enzyme that transcribes the majority of eukaryotic genes.
The nonsense(stop) codons.
What is UAA, UAG, and UGA(Go dawgs)?
DNA sequence that forms a recognition and binding site for RNA polymerase.
What is the promoter?
This amount of base pairs are unwound at a time.
What is 12-14 base pairs?(RNA polymerase spans an area of about 75 pairs)
This is what the protein FACT does(in eukaryotes only).
What is remove and replace histones before and after mRNA is transcripted?
This enzyme adds a string of adenine to the 3' end after transcription in eukaryotes, creating the 3' poly-A tail.
What is poly-A polymerase?
The central dogma of molecular biology.
What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein?
RNA polymerase transcribes at this rate in prokaryotes.
What is 4o nucleotides per second?
This many genes are transcribed at a time in eukaryotes.
What is 1 gene?
Proteins that bring the polymerases to the DNA template promoter region in eukaryotes.
What are transcription factors?
The purpose of RNA polymerase III.
What is creating the RNA portion of tRNA?
This term describes the ability of a amino acid to be coded by more than one codon.
What is degenerate?
Region containing the RNA polymerase, DNA template, and the growing RNA transcript.
What is the transcription bubble?
In eukaryotes, the DNA is transcription takes place in the _____ and the mRNA is transported to the _______ for translation.
What is the nucleus and cytoplasm?
This is what happens when mRNA is being processed before translation in eukaryotes.
What is the addition of stabilizing and signaling factors at 5' ends and 3' ends(to protect it from degradation), and the removal of intervening sequences that do not code for amino acids?
This group of enzymes link the tRNA molecule to its correct amino acid.
What is aminoacyl tRNA syntheses?