Roots
The first root (and first organ) to emerge from the seed.
What is the primary root?
Potatoes are an example of this type of stem adaptation.
What are tubers?
The primary function of leaves.
What is photosynthesis?
Water and mineral conducting cells with a long, thin shape and tapered ends with pits.
What are xylem cells?
The growth that lengthens roots and shoots at the apical meristems.
What is primary growth?
This root system enables great shoot height by providing deep structural support and is considered a eudicot trait.
What is a taproot system?
A type of stem adaptation, this horizontal shoot grows at the surface, enables asexual reproduction and is seen in strawberries.
What are stolons?
The stalk that attached a leaf blade to the stem
What is a petiole?
Sugar conducting cells in vascular plants that lack many organelles and are supported by companion cells
What are phloem cells?
Hormones from the apical bud affect the growth pattern of axillary buds, with the greatest effects seen on the closest axillary buds and responsible for the Christmas tree shape
What is apical dominance?
The type of root seen in a banyan tree
(see link for image)
What are strangling aerial roots?
The shoots or stems of the angiosperm group possess an irregular arrangement of vascular cyclindars, and is NOT associated with secondary growth.
What are monocots?
Leaves of this angiosperm group display a branching network from a vine the runs though the center of the leaf, as opposed to many parallel vein.
What is dicot (or eudicot)?
Alive at maturity, these cells have thin flexible primary walls, a large central vacuole and perform many functions like storage of sugars and photosynthesis.
What are parenchyma cells?
This zone develops from the paritial differentiation of the cells in the apical meristem of a root, and contains protoderm, ground meristem and procambium tissue
What is the zone of elongation?
This type of angiosperm root has a cross or asterisk arrangement of xylem and phloem in the vascular cylinder
What are dicot (or eudicot) roots?
Also called lateral buds, these buds are responsible for producing stem adaptations like stolons, rhizomes and tubers as well as new branches of an existing branch.
What are auxiliary buds?
A waxy epidermal coating found in leaves and some stems that prevents water loss.
What is a cuticle?
Dead at maturity, these cells are rigid with thick secondary cell walls strengthened by lignin and often function as stuctural suppport and protection for the phloem.
What are sclerenchyma cells?
Partially responsible for the secondary growth in woody plants, this undifferentiated region of cell growth creates new phloem and xylem.
What is the vascular cambium?
Thin extensions of epidermal cells that emerge to increase surface-to-volume ratio to maximize water and mineral absorption, and will never develop into lateral roots.
What are root hairs?
A compact layer of cork cells that provide a barrier of protection from water loss, physical damage and pathogens.
What is the periderm?
These pores open and close to regulate water loss and allow gas exchange.
What are stomata?
Alive at maturity, these cells have uneven, thickened flexible primary cell walls and function as support in young plants without limiting growth.
What are collenchyma cells?
Growth of lateral roots originates from this tissue group, and then breaks through the ground and dermal tissue of the root.
What is the vascular tissue (or vascular cylinder)?