Smallest
These elements together make up 96% of the human body
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
In what stage of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
S phase which is in interphase
Think about a human cell, name four types of biological molecules that are in the cell
proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates
Describe the Biological Species concept
Two populations are from the same species if they are capable of interbreeding and producing viable and fertile offspring.
How have oxygen levels on Earth changed since the start of Earth as a planet?
There is more oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere now than there was in the early days of Earth (~4 billion years ago)
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does a carbon atom have?
6 of each
A human liver cell divides through that type of cell division?
Mitosis
Describe the central dogma of molecular biology
DNA is trascribed to RNA which is translated to protein
What determines population size?
birth rates and death rates
Roughly when did life on Earth originate?
3.7 billion years ago
Describe three differences between DNA and RNA
RNA is typically single stranded while DNA is typically double stranded. RNA has uracil where DNA has thymine. RNA has a ribose sugar where DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.
Compare and contrast bacteria cells to animal cells
Bacteria cell: no organelle, has cell wall, has ribosomes, circular DNA
animal cell: organelles, no cell wall, has ribosomes, linear DNA
What are photosynthesis and cellular respiration used for in plants?
Photosynthesis is used to make glucose out of air and water (with the use of light). Cellular respiration is used for growth and body functioning.
Name the levels of the Linnaean classification system from largest to smallest
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Compare and contrast the definitions for "community" and "ecosystem"
Community is a group of populations in same area, ecosystem includes not just the biotic factors in the area but also the abiotic ones
What does it mean for DNA strands to be complementary to each other?
The plant cell organelle that is required for photosynthesis is _____________ and the plant cell organelle that is required for cellular respiration is _________
chloroplast; mitochondria
A group of organisms of the same species found in a particular area:
Population
Draw or describe the phylogenetic relationships among eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria
Planting legumes helps to condition the soil and make it more fertile for other plants because:
Legume roots make associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
What kinds of chemical bonds are in a glass of water?
Hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and Covalent bonds between the atoms of the same molecule
A cell with 2n = 8 divides through meiosis. This will make how many daughter cells with how many chromosomes in each?
4 daughter cells with 4 chromosomes each
Where does the biomass of a tree come from?
From carbon dioxide in the air.
Allele frequencies in a population can change through:
mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow
In a simple food web, farmed carrots are primary producers, rabbits are primary consumers, and humans are primary consumers when they eat carrots and secondary consumers when they eat rabbits. Is more farmland needed when humans eat carrots or when humans eat rabbits? Explain.
If carrots are cultivated on farmland, then approximately 10 times more farmland will need to be used if humans eat exclusively rabbits than if humans eat exclusively carrots.