Biology

Parts of Genetic information System

100

the primary molecule carrying genetic information

DNA

200

 most important part of an object

Nucleus

300

Structures within the cell nucleus where DNA is organized

Chromosomes

400

Specific segments of DNA that code for the production of proteins, which are responsible for various functions in the body.

Genes

500

Different variations of a gene, leading to different traits within a population.

Alleles

Functions

100

to store all the genetic information needed for an organism to develop, function, and reproduce

DNA

200

 store the genetic information needed to produce proteins

Genes

300

store and protect the cell's genetic material (DNA),

nucleus

400

carry genetic information to be passed on from one generation to another.

chromosomes

500

contribute to the organism's phenotype, which is the outward appearance of the organism

Alleles

True/False

100

Every cell in the human body has a nucleus where the genetic information the cell uses to make proteins is stored

True

200

the nucleus doesnt store the genetic information of the cell

false

300

chromosomes are extremely short DNA molecules

false

400

Every DNA molecule is made of two spiraling chemical chains in a double helix structure

true

500

nucleotides are the chemical structures that make up a DNA molecule

true

Types of Nucleotides

100

a key building block for nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Adenine

200

 primary function is to act as a nucleobase in DNA, where it specifically pairs with adenine through hydrogen bonds

Thymine

300

acting as a nitrogenous base that pairs specifically with cytosine to encode genetic information within the nucleic acid structure, playing a crucial role in maintaining DNA stability and replication

guanine

400

plays an essential role in forming base pairs by bonding with guanine and forming the genetic code found in both DNA and RNA.

cytosine

500

a carrier of genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

RNA

Types of RNA

100

• Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
• Serves as a template for protein synthesis
• Made up of triplets of nucleotides called codons

Messenger RNA

200

• Helps decode the mRNA sequence into a protein 
• Acts as a link between mRNA and the amino acids that make up a protein 

Transfer RNA

300

• Makes up about 80% of all cellular RNA 
• A structural and catalytic component of ribosomes, the cell's protein factories 
• Non-coding RNA, meaning it is never translated into a protein 

Ribosomal RNA

400

A type of regulatory RNA that can inhibit gene expression

Micro RNA

500

plays a central role in RNA splicing, which removes non-coding sequences from pre-mRNA

Small Nuclear RNA