Evolution Vocabulary
Horse evolution shows long stable periods of little evolution that is interrupted by brief periods of rapid change in which different species emerge.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
A random process that occurs in nature.
Genetic Drift
The beaver in North America and the capybara in South America share a common ancestor but have evolved to look different.
Divergent Evolution
The function of the cell membrane
What is Cell regulation for incoming and outgoing material. What is to maintain homeostasis?
All the subjects Mrs. Powell teaches.
What is Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
Two populations can no longer interbreed due to 2 separate species can arise since the gene pools are so different
What is reproductive isolation?
A rancher raised a prize breeding bull and bred several of his female cows with him. Another rancher bought the bull and brought it to his ranch to replace the bull he had recently lost. He put the bull out to pasture with his cows.
Gene Flow
In the ocean surrounding Antarctica, there are fish that survive the cold water by using a molecule made of glycoproteins that circulates the blood and keeps it from freezing. Certain kinds of worms that live in the Artic ocean also make antifreeze proteins that help them live there.
What is convergent evolution?
Name the two steps of Protein Synthesis.
Transcription and Translation
What are DNA and RNA both made out of?
What are Nucleic Acids?
In the Great Lakes region of North America, gray wolves and coyotes are similar but do not mate because their breeding periods occur at different times of the year
Temporal isolation
The American Bison was once hunted to such an extent that it became endangered. The population which have recovered today show very few genetic variations.
Genetic Drift
Hummingbirds have a beak just the right length to reach the nectar in cardinal flower and as they feed their foreheads bump into the pollen structure. Cardinal flowers are red which hummingbirds can see but bees can't. Cardinal flower's pollen structure is just the right length for the hummingbird to pick up pollen as it feeds.
Coevolution
What is a mutation.
A change in the DNA's nitrogenous base sequences during synthesis causing change to occur.
What are Prokaryotic Cells?
Tiny, single-celled organisms.
There is no true nucleus; there is a nucleoid region or area, but there is no nuclear envelope to surround or protect the genetic material (single circular chromosome)
No membrane-bound organelles
Free-floating DNA
The females of two species of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, release slightly different mating hormones called pheromones, which are used to attract mates.
Behavioral isolation
A pond containing round-tailed guppies, flat-tailed guppies, and pointed-tailed guppies began to dry up. After several weeks of no rain, the only guppies left were either round-tailed or pointed-tailed.
Natural Selection
Monarch butterfly eats poisonous milkweed to protect itself from predators. In return, the butterfly will transport pollen for the milkweed.
Coevolution
Name the three types of osmosis.
Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic
Evolution that results in speciation, specifically adaptive radiation.
What is divergent evolution?
A type of isolation in which two populations are separated by a physical barrier, such as a canyon, river, or lake, preventing them from interbreeding.
Geographic isolation
In cuttlefish, large males will protect females from other males to prevent them from mating. The small males, however, will mimic the color and shape of a female to swim under the large male and mate with the females, passing on their genes.
Natural Selection
Ostriches (Birds) and giraffes (Mammals) are both native to savannahs of Africa. They both share the same characteristic of a very long neck.
Convergent Evolution
Name most organelles in an animal cell. (At Least 4)
Nucleolus, nucleus, ribosome, vesicle, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, small vacuole cytosol, lysosome, centriole.
3 Characteristics of a virus
Non-Living
Not a cell
Needs a Host- living cells
Has DNA or RNA, not both
DNA held in Capsule
Uses projections to attach to host cell membrane
Can't metabolize without a host