Living Organisms in the
Environment
Environment
What is a habitat?
A place where an organism lives and reproduces.
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait.
Name two abiotic factors affecting living organisms.
Temperature and water availability etc..
Name two types of nutrition in organisms.
Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition.
Explain what mitosis is.
It is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
Name the organelles involved in energy production in an animal cell.
Mitochondria
Describe the process of meiosis, giving 2 features.
It is the process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells.
What is the difference between a niche and a habitat?
A niche is the role an organism plays in its environment, while a habitat is the physical location where it lives.
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes catalyze the breakdown of complex food molecules into simpler substances that can be absorbed.
What is natural selection?
It is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
It contains the cell's genetic material and controls its activities
What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?
Dominant traits are expressed when present, while recessive traits are only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele.
What is one way that organisms adapt to their environment?
Through adaptations like camouflage, behavioral changes, and physiological adjustments etc.
Describe the process of aerobic respiration in humans.
It involves the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide, producing energy in the form of ATP.
What are two broad ways that genetic variation arise?
Through sexual reproduction and mutations.
Describe the process of osmosis.
It is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration.
How do mutations contribute to evolution?
They introduce new genetic variations that can be beneficial and lead to evolutionary changes.
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
They break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
What are two effects of smoking on the respiratory system?
It can lead to lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
What is the significance of genetic variation in populations?
It increases the genetic diversity, which can enhance the survival of a species in changing environments.
Give two ways that plant and animal cells differ in structure?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not etc.
What are the implications of genetic engineering?
It can lead to improved crop yields, disease resistance, and ethical concerns.