Cell Structure
What organelle is often called the "powerhouse of the cell" because it performs cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Does Passive Transport require the cell to use energy (ATP)?
No
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double Helix
What is the goal of mitosis (i.e., how many daughter cells are created and how do they compare to the parent cell)?
Two genetically identical daughter cells are created.
What are the small monomers (building blocks) of proteins?
Amino Acids
This rigid outer layer provides support and protection for plant cells.
Cell Wall
What term describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
A specific segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a protein is called a what?
Gene
The stage where a cell spends most of its life, growing and copying its DNA, is called what?
Interphase
Sugars and starches are examples of which type of biological macromolecule?
Carbohydrates
What is the large, central organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA)?
Nucleus
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called what?
Diffusion
Which nitrogen base always pairs with Adenine (A) in a DNA strand?
Thymine (T)
What is the name of the process that divides the nucleus and its copied chromosomes?
Mitosis
Fats, oils, and waxes are examples of which type of biological macromolecule?
Lipids
These small organelles are responsible for making proteins.
Ribosomes
What part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic (water-fearing)?
The fatty acid tails
What are the three components of a nucleotide (the building block of DNA)?
Sugar (Deoxyribose), Phosphate Group, and a Nitrogen Base
What are the two identical copies of a chromosome held together by a centromere called?
Sister Chromatids
The primary function of enzymes is to speed up chemical reactions; what general class of molecule do most enzymes belong to?
Proteins
What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?
Cytoplasm
What is the primary component of the cell membrane, arranged in a bilayer?
Phospholipids
What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)
What are the four main phases of Mitosis in order?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the main source of quick energy for living things?
Glucose