Cell Transport Basics
A difference in the amount of a substance on either side of a barrier or a shape
Concentration gradient
The movement of water molecules across a membrane from a area of low solute concentration to a area of high solute concentration
Osmosis
The amount of a substance
Concentration
Muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood flows from the heart to all parts of the body
Artery
Unit of the kidney that is responsible for filtering blood to create urine
Nephron
Movement of gasses or solids from an area of high concentration to lower concentration
Diffusion
water molecules travel towards areas of higher solute concentration
Osmosis rule
The structural component of all cell membranes consisting of 2 layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left lung to the left atrium
Vein
A tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Osmosis and diffusion occur without the need of energy from the cell
Passive transport
When the solute amount on the inside of the cell is higher than the solute amount outside the cell
Hypotonic Solution
When the protein channel lets things in and out of the cell
Membrane channel protein
Exchange substances between the blood and body tissues
Capillary
A tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
Requires the cell to use energy as substances that are pumped from ares of lower concentration to higher
Active transport
When solutes are equal in concentration on the outside and inside of the cell
Isotonic solution
A substance, normally liquid, that dissolves another substance to make a solution
Solvent
The organ that filters blood to remove waste, extra water, and acid producing urine
Kidney
Removing excess fluid and salt from the body
Diuretic
Some substances can pass across the cell membrane and not others
Selectively permeable
When the solute amount on the outside of the cell is higher than the solute amount inside the cell
Hypertonic Solution
The fluid that has passed through a filter leaving solid particles behind
Filtrate
High or low level of glucose in the blood
Diabetes
A protein that uses energy to actively transport ions or molecule across a biological membrane
Membrane protein pump