Reactions
Light Dependent Reactions
1st stage of photosynthesis. Inside of the thylakoid, chlorophyll captures sunlight. It converts it into H20, and glucose, from light to chemical energy. It stores ATP and NADPH releasing Oxygen as a biproduct.
Light Independent Reactions, during stage 2 of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose.
Calvin Cycle
Anaerobic process, 1st stage of cellular Respiration that breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate.
Glycolysis
Cell Theory
1. organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2. cells are the most basic unit of life
3. all cells come from other cells
Reponse
An organism's reaction to stimulus
2nd Stage of photosynthesis. Plants use energy from 1st stage reactions to convert CO2 into Glucose.
Light Independent Reactions
What does an enzyme do?
It provides a pathway for a chemical reaction that has a lower energy requirement.
Series of reactions in cellular Respiration. It oxidizes acetylo-CoA to produce ATP and generate electron carriers NADH, FADH2.
Krebs Cycle
A reactant to which an enzyme binds
Substrate
Stimulus
Any change in an organism's internal or external environment that causes the organism to react.
Photosystem
Protein complex in chloroplasts that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy by the electron transport chain and ATP or NADPH.
Cellular Respiration
Catabolic pathways in which organic molecules release energy.
Fermentation
Process in which NAD+ is regenerated allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in oxygen.
Catalyst
A substrate that speeds up chemical reactions by reducing their activation energy
A set of guidelines that protect scientists biases in an experiment
Ethics
Electron Transport Chain
Series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfers electrons to produce ATP.
Anaerobic respiration
Metabolic process where pyruvate is broken down and electron carriers produce ATP through electron transport chain.
A 3 carbon organic acid produced by anaerobic respiration when oxygen is scarce. It helps for cells to be quickly energized, by regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis.
Lactic Acid
Endothermic
Boreal Forest
Biome south of Tundra and dense evergreen forests and characterized by long, cold, dry winters.
Crucial enzyme that generates ATP by flowing H+ ions down the electrochemical gradient.
ATP Synthase
Aerobic
Specialized internal cell structure, carries out a specific function.
Organelle
Exothermic
Releases energy to its surroundings.
Biome south of boreal forest with broad-leaved deciduous trees, obvious seasons, and average yearly precipitation of 75-150 centimeters.
Temperate Forest