Cells
Function of a nucleus
Controls the cell, contains DNA
Function of the mitochondria
Release energy vis respiration
What gas is absorbed into the blood in the lungs?
Oxygen
Where is DNA found in the cell?
Nucleus
Name the process by which cells divide into 2
Mitosis or meiosis
What part of the cell controls what goes in and out?
Cell membrane
Equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What transport method is used for gas exchange
Diffusion
What word has this definition- a section of DNA that codes for a characteristic
Gene
Stages of mitosis
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Name the type of substance in cells that can speed up reactions and break down other substances
Enzymes
Anaerobic respiration equation
Glucose -> Lactic acid
What is the site of gas exchange?
Alveoli
Chromosomes for a male and female
Male- XY
Female-XX
What happens in metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle
Name 3 substances found in plant cells but NOT animal cells
/Chloroplasts, cell wall, vacoule
Give two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic happens all the time, anaerobic only exercise
Aerobic releases more energy
Aerobic is slower
Aerobic require oxygen
Define diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of high conc to low conc
Give an example of an environmental, an inherited characteristic and both
Environmental- Tattoos
Inherited- Eye colour
Both- height
State the complementary base code
ATGTTAAGC
AND State how many amino acids this codes for
TACAATTCG
AND
3
Adv of a light microscope
Cheap, portable
Explain why breathing rate increases during exercise (2 marks)
Need more energy which we get from respiration
Aerobic requires oxygen
Breathing increases to get more oxygen into blood for this
Give 2 adaptations of the alveoli
Thin walls
Good blood supply/ ventilation
Millions in the lungs so large SA
Describe the structure of DNA, must give 3 points
Double helix
Sugar phosphate backbone
Weak hydrogen bonds
Holding complementary bases (A and T, CG)
Describe 2 differences between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis makes 2 genetically identical diploid duaghter cells
Meoisis makes 4 genetically different haploid cells