Genetics
Define gene
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein.
define incomplete dominance.
A pattern of inheritance where the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base.
Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype.
Genotype is the genetic makeup (allele combination).
Phenotype is the observable expression of those genes.
Define codominance and give an example.
Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous individual.
Example: AB blood type.
Describe base pairing rules
Adenine pairs with Thymine.
Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
Explain how meiosis supports the Law of Segregation.
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, causing allele pairs to separate so each gamete receives only one allele for each trait
Explain how polygenic traits differ from single-gene traits.
Polygenic traits are controlled by multiple genes and show a wide range of variation, while single-gene traits are controlled by one gene and usually show distinct categories.
Explain why DNA’s structure allows it to replicate accurately.
Because the double helix has complementary base pairing, each strand serves as a template to build a new matching strand.