Water
H20 is held together by a bond and bonded together to other H20 molecules by another. What are the two bonds
Polar covalent & Hydrogen
What are the four bonds? Which is the strongest?
Covalent (strongest)
Ionic, hydrogen, Van der Waals forces
What are the four macromolecules
Proteins, Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic acids
what is cell theory
all living things are made up of cells
all cells come from other cells
basic unit of life
what is the base to steroids
cholesterol
What is the pH of water
7
what are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but
different structures and properties
Cis- trans
enantiomers
Most lipids are hydrophobic, which lipid in the cell is amphiphilic
phospholipids
What are 3 characteristics of life?
DNA
– Reproduction
– Made of cells
– Metabolism
– Organization
– Responds to environment
– Growth and development
– Shows evolutionary/adaptive potential
If lemon has a pH of 2 and hand soap has a pH of 9, which is acidic and which is basic
Lemon is acidic and Hand soap is basic
When water on a surface evaporates and leaves the remaining surface cooler what kind of cooling is this?
evaporative cooling
What is the difference between carboxyl and carbonyl
Carboxl = COOH
Carbonyl = C=O
DNA and RNA are examples of ______ ______ and are made of ________
nucleic acids
nucleotides
What are the 3 domains and what are the "6" kingdoms
Archaea, bacteria, eukarya
Archae, bacteria, animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
What functional groups make up amino acids
amino group and carboxyl in a singular amino acid
in a chain: carbonyl is added
What is a hydration shell and what does it to ions
A hydration shell is a covering of water molecules around ions that are dissolved in water
What kind of bonds bind amino acids together to form proteins
peptide
saturated vs unsaturated fats
Saturated: solid at room temperature from animals
unsaturated: liquid at room temp, double bond in the middle from plants/fish
what is the differences between homologous traits and analogous traits.
Homologous: derived from a common ancestor
analogous: similar but evolved seperately
describe a tertiary structure of a protein
bonds between R groups of amino acids to create a 3D shape
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
Bicarbonate HC03
What reaction involves building molecules and extracting water. What reaction involves the opposite.
condensation/dehydration builds
hydrolysis takes apart by using water
name two of each:
monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide
Mono: glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
Di: Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose
Poly: starch glycogen cellulose chitin
who is the father of evolution?
Darwin
How do enzymes work
By lowering activation energy it allows reactions to occur faster.