Carbon
How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have?
4
Building block of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
What three-carbon alcohol forms the backbone of a triglyceride?
Glycerol
Monomer of proteins
Amino acids
3 components of a nucleotide
5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What 3D geometric shape forms when carbon makes 4 single covalent bonds?
Tetrahedral
Type of sugar with carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain
What type of fatty acid contains one or more double bonds in its carbon chain?
Unsaturated fatty acid
Level of protein structure; linear sequence of amino acid
primary structure
this rule states that adenine = thymine and glycine = cytosine
Chargaff's rule
What is the bond angle between atoms in a tetrahedral carbon molecule?
109.5 degrees
Type of sugar with carbonyl group within the carbon chain
Ketose
What are the three basic types of lipids?
triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
Beta-pleated sheets belong to which level of protein structure?
secondary structure
covalent bonds that link nucleotides together along the sugar-phosphate backbone
Phosphodiester bond
Type of bonds carbon can form with other atom
double, single, triple
Glucose units in linear plant starch are joined by _____
a-1,4-glycosidic linkage
Why do organisms in cold temperatures increase unsaturated fatty acid in cell membrane?
To maintain fluidity and prevent the membrane from freezing
chemical bonds that link adjacent amino acids together
peptide bond
What shape is the genomic DNA in bacteria and eukaryotes?
Circular
What are the molecules called that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements?
isomers
Sugar component of DNA
deoxyribose
Lipids are formed by joining:
glycerol and fatty acids
True or false. enzymes are recyclable
True
What is the complementary replicated sequence for the template strand:
5'-A T C G G C T A-3'
5'-t a g c c g a t- 3'