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Chemistry of Life
Organelles
DNA
Transcription and Translation
Mitosis and meiosis
100
This is the basic unit of life
What is the cell?
100
The storage space for DNA in the cell.
What is the nucleus?
100
This molecule unzips the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
100
In addition to adding nucleotides to a growing RNA strand and proofreading, RNA polymerase has this additional function
What is unzipping the DNA strand?
100
The phase in mitosis when DNA replication occurs.
What is interphase?
200
This element is found in every living organism
What is Carbon?
200
ribosome
What is an organelle that produces proteins from RNA?
200
A structure made up of one sugar, phosphate, and base
What is What is a nucleotide?
200
This region on DNA marks the start of a gene.
What is a promoter?
200
The number of times metaphase occurs in meiosis
Twice
300
The three components that make up an atom and their charges?
What are: protons (+) electrons (-) neutrons (neutral)
300
This organelle is where ribosomes are created.
What is the nucleolus?
300
These are the two functions of DNA polymerase.
What are adding nucleotides and proofreading?
300
The type of RNA that brings the building blocks of proteins to the ribosome for translation. 1) type of RNA 2) name of those building blocks
1) What is tRNA? 2) What are amino acids?
300
Three reasons why our cells divide.
What are growth, repair, and replenishing.
400
The reason why water and oil do not mix.
What is polar (Water) and nonpolar (Oil) properties?
400
The highway of the cell that mRNA is shipped through to reach the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)
400
The reason that ligation is necessary.
To fill in the gaps of DNA created by the formation of Okazaki Fragments
400
This is where RNA polymerase attaches to start transcription.
What is at a promoter?
400
When chromosomes exchange small segments of genetic information during prophase I.
What is crossing over?
500
This type of bond holds together the two strands of DNA in a DNA double helix.
What is a hydrogen bond?
500
The support beams of the cell that provide structure to the cell.
What is the cytoskeleton?
500
There are two categories of bases. Adenine and Guanine are in this category. Thymine and Cytosine are in this category.
What are the purines? What are the pyrimidines?
500
List and briefly explain the 3 steps of RNA transcription.
Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to a promoter and starts to unzip the DNA double helix. Elongation: RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing RNA strand. (Also proofreads) Termination: RNA polymerase leaves when it reaches the end of a gene.
500
1) During meiosis, cells have ______ copy/copies of each chromosome. The term for these types of cells is ___________. 2) After meiosis, cells have _______copy/copies of each chromosome. The term for these types of cells is ________
1) two; diploid 2) two; haploid