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Macromolecules
Enzymes
Random
Structures
Digestion
100
These are the subunits that make up DNA and RNA.
What are nucleic acids/nucleotides?
100
These chemicals increase the rate of chemical reactions without being altered itself.
What is a catalyst?
100

This involuntary muscular process allows food to move through the digestive tract even in zero gravity.


What is peristalsis?

100
This organ absorbs water and contains intestinal bacteria that synthesize vitamins.
What is the large intestine?
100
This organ secretes digestive enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of the three major components of food.
What is the pancreas?
200
This nutrient is made of amino acids joined by peptide (covalent) bonds.
What is protein?
200
This is the site where the substrate molecules attach to the enzyme.
What is the active site?
200

These finger-like structures line the small intestine and increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

What are villi?

200

This part of the small intestine is the site of major site of digestion (where digestive enzymes are added!)

What is the duodenum?

200

This enzyme is activated by the HCl in the stomach and is the first stage of protein digestion. Digesting proteins to long polypeptide chains

What is pepsin?

300
These provide the body with lots of energy, but take a long time to digest.
What are lipids (fats)?
300

These factors affect enzyme reactions. (Name 3 of the 4 factors.)

What is pH, temperature, substrate molecule concentration, competitive inhibition

300

This substance is produced by the liver and emulsifies fat into smaller droplets.

What is bile?

300

This is the function of the gallbladder.

What is the storage of bile?

300

This enzyme is secreted from the salivary glands to breakdown carbohydrates into disaccharides.

What is salivary amylase?

400
These are digested easily and are therefore a fast source of energy.
What are carbohydrates?
400

This is what happens when a protein loses its functional shape.

What is denaturation?

400
This is the chemical reaction where monomers combine producing water and a polymer.

What is dehydration synthesis?

400
This organ stores glycogen to regulate blood-glucose levels.
What is the liver?
400
This hormone is released from the duodenum when food enters and is carried by the circulatory system to stimulate the gallbladder and the pancreas.
What is secretin?
500
This word describes some nutrients that must be obtained through food (cannot be made in the body)?
What is essential?
500

These are the two enzymes responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.

What are pancreatic amylase and maltose?

500

This substance neutralizes acidic chyme as it enters the small intestine.

What are bicarbonate ions?

500
These are the three cell types in the stomach and what they secrete.
What are the mucous cells (secrete mucous), parietal cells (secret HCl), and peptic cells (secrete pepsinogen)?
500

These two enzymes are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine to further break down proteins. Protein A breaks down long chain polypeptides and Protein B breaks down short polypeptides to amino acids (full digestion). 

What are trypsin and erepsin?