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General Enzyme Knowledge
Properties of Enzymes
Factors affecting Enzyme Action
Regulation
Random
100
Enzymes are named after the substrate they react with - having the suffix "ase". This is the enzyme that breaks down Lactose.
What is Lactase?
100
Energy required for a reaction to occur is called?
What is activation energy?
100
Pepsin (protease in the stomach) only activated in the prescence of HCL refers to enzymes having an optimal ____?
What is pH?
100
something competing with normal substrate for the active site of enzymes is called a _______ ________?
What is a competitive inhibitor?
100
Enzymes are this type of macromolecule.
What is proteins?
200
Enzymes are considered organic ________ which speed up many chemical reactions in organisms
What is catalysts?
200
Enzymes will _______ the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction to happen.
What is reduce?
200
If temperature is further increased above the optimum temperature, then a decrease in the rate of reaction occurs because the enzyme may be in danger of becoming _______?
What is denatured?
200
Attachment of the end product of a chain to the _____ ______ of an enzyme changes the shape of the active site.
What is regulatory site?
200
Enzymes are what type of protein?
What is a functional protein?
300
substrates bind to the ________ on the Enzyme
What is the "active site"?
300
Enzymes are not destroyed by the reaction they catalyse and can be used again, so small amounts of enzymes is enough. This Property refers to the ability to be?
What is Reusuable
300
Between 5 degC and 40 degC, the rate increases steadily whereas 40 degC is the optimum temperature for many enzymes and it is the temperature at which the reaction proceeds most rapidly. The higher the temperature, the higher the chances for ________ _______ to take place.
What is Molecular collisions?
300
accumulation of one of the products formed near the end of the chain inhibits the action of an enzyme used in one of the earlier reactions refers to ______ _______ _______.
What is Negative feed back inhibition?
300
In our lab with Hydrogen peroxide, what enzyme was used to observe reaction speeds of converting hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen? (also used in contact solution)
What is the Catalase?
400
The substrate molecules combine with the enzyme to form a(n) ?
What is an “enzyme-substrate complex”
400
A+B --> C+D or A+B <-- C+D This example is referring to which enzyme property?
What is Enzymes can work in both directions of reaction? (Reversible)
400
Provided that the temperature and other conditions are suitable for the reaction, and there are excess substrate molecules, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the _________ of the enzyme
What is concentration?
400
Oxytocin, a hormone used for regulation of contractions in child birth involve enzymes that use regulatory sites to ________ the speed of reaction.
What is increase?
400
An organic non-protein substance attached to an enzyme to make it active is referred to as a _________? (i.e. NAD+ in Cellular respiration)
What is a co-enzyme?
500
On binding with the enzyme molecules, the substrate molecules induce the enzyme molecules to change in shape. The conformations of the active sites will then fit the shapes of the substrate molecules. This is refering to which theory/hypothesis?
What is "Induced-Fit model"
500
Describe the Lock and Key hypothesis using the terms substrate and enzyme. Which is the lock, which is the key?
What is Enzymes only react with certain substrates that match their shape correctly. Enzymes are the lock, substrates are the key. (Enzyme Specificity)
500
Explain how "concentration of substrates" can affect Enzyme Action?
What is the rate of reaction increases with increasing concentration of substrate molecules and the concentration of enzyme being kept constant.However, when the substrate concentration reaches a certain level the system becomes saturated (i.e. ALL enzyme molecules are used up). When this point has been reached, the only way to increase the rate of reaction is to raise the concentration of enzyme.
500
The end product of a chain of chemical reactions may attach to the regulatory site in such a way that it improves the fit of substrate to the active site. Enzymes that show these kinds of regulatory activity are called _______ enzymes.
What is allosteric?
500
Some enzymes are inactive and need additional components to become active and work. A _______ is the non-protein component of an enzyme essential for its catalytic activity. (Basket term for all inorganic and organic non-protein components essential for enzyme activity)
What is a cofactor?