Lab Safety/Parts of an Experiment
What should you do if you spill a chemical on your skin?
Wash immediately in the safety shower
Which macromolecule provides quick energy?
Carbohydrates
What organelle produces energy in the form of ATP?
Mitochondria
What organelle carries out photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
What organelle performs respiration?
Mitochondria
In an experiment, what variable do you measure?
Dependent Variable
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino Acids
What process allows stem cells to become specialized cells?
What is the waste product of the light-dependent reactions?
Oxygen (O₂).
Which type of respiration produces more ATP: aerobic or anaerobic?
Aerobic (~38 ATP).
Why is a control group important in an experiment?
It provides a baseline for comparison.
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Which type of neuron carries signals from the brain to muscles?
Motor neuron
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Absorbs sunlight energy.
What product builds up in muscles during anaerobic respiration?
Lactic Acid
A student tests different brands of fertilizer on tomato plants. Name the independent variable
brands of fertilizer
Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage and insulation?
Lipids
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?
They require more ATP for contraction and movement.
Where do the light-independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions occur?
In the stroma of the chloroplast.
Compare ATP yield of aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic = ~38 ATP per glucose, Anaerobic = 2 ATP per glucose.
A student places seeds in sand, clay, and potting soil to test germination. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and constants.
Independent → type of soil; Dependent → germination rate; Constants → seed type, sunlight, water.
Explain which macromolecule is best for an athlete to consume the night before a big game and explain why
Complex carbohydrates for long-term, stored energy.
What is the main difference between positive and negative feedback loops?
Negative feedback restores balance; positive feedback amplifies the response.
A plant is placed in complete darkness for several days. Explain what will happen to its ability to perform photosynthesis.
It cannot perform the light-dependent reactions, so no ATP or NADPH are produced; glucose production stops.
Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP.