Terminology
The process of removing waste products during metabolic processes
Excretion
This structure connects the kidneys to the bladder
Ureters
This organ's main function is evaporative cooling
The skin
Name the 3 steps of urine formation in the correct order that they occur in the human body
Reabsorption
Secretion
Condition characterized by small amounts of urine escaping the bladder and urethra
Incontinence
These may be poisonous and seriously threaten out health if not removed properly from the body
Waste products
This structure is found in the medulla section of the kidney & is home to the nephrons
Renal pyramids
This specific structure acts to filter blood during urine formation
The nephron
Describe the purpose of the process of reabsorption in urine formation
Allows the body to retain many of the substances that were removed from the blood through filtration
Name 3 kidney disorders
chronic kidney disease
acute kidney injury
diabetic nephropathy
kidney stones
Polycystic kidney disease
glomerulunophritis
UTI
Incontinence
Prolasped Bladder
Kidney failure
What the fluid is called after it becomes filtered in the glomerulus and moves into the bowmans capsule
Filtrate
If a kidney were cut cross-sectionally, there would be 3 layers shown. Name these layers from the outside in.
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Pelvis
This organ's job is to detoxify substances. It forms urea through the detoxification of ammonia
The liver
Describe the pathway during urine formation. Start from blood entering the renal artery to ...
renal artery - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - bowmans capsule - becomes filtrate - flows to the PCT - descending limb - loop of Henle - ascending limb - DCT - collecting duct - renal pelvis - ureters
Name 3 reasons a person may require a urinalysis
routine checkup
preganacy
surgery
Diabetes
blood in urine
frequent, painful urination
kidney disease monitoring
An agent that increases the rate of urine formation
Diuretic
This structure within the nephron connects to the renal pelvis, then to the ureters, where the fitrate is eventually transported out of the body
Collecting duct
Explain the function of ADH
ADH increases the permeability of the nephron to water. Without ADH present, no water can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
Explain what happens in the secretion stage of urine formation & why secretion is important in homeostasis
Waste and other solutes from the bloodstream join the tubules through active transport
- Helps control blood pH
- Helps eliminate substances from the body
Name 3 symptoms of a UTI
Painful urination
cloudy or bloody urine
abdominal pain
urge to urinate, but only excreting small amounts of urine
burning sensation when urinating
A control system where the output of a process is fed back to reduce or reverse the initial change in the system, thereby maintaining stability and a steady state.
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Name the 4 organs that comprise the excretory system
Lungs, Skin, Liver & Kidneys
Provide 3 functions of the kidneys
Regulation of water
Removal of wastes
Maintenance of pH balance
Production of Hormones
Name 2 differences between the ascending limb and the descending limb of the loop of Henle
The ascending limb is impermeable to water - uses ion pumps to transport salts
Descending limb is permeable to water - uses osmosis
Provide 5 things a urinalysis tests for
colour
clarity
odour
Specific gravity
pH
protein content
Glucose
ketones
bilirubin
WBCs & bacteria
blood
Steroid
hCG levels