Diet & Disease
Which chronic disease is most strongly linked to obesity and poor diet quality?
Cardiovascular disease
What type of inflammation is associated with obesity and chronic disease?
Low-grade (chronic) inflammation
What gene-editing tool is used in modern food production?
CRISPR/Cas9
What period is known as the “first 1,000 days” in nutrition?
From conception to age 2
What is the gut microbiome?
The community of microorganisms in the digestive tract
Diets high in saturated fat and sodium increase the risk of what condition?
Hypertension
Junk food promotes inflammation by negatively affecting what body system?
The gut microbiome
Lab-grown meat is produced using what type of cells?
Animal muscle cells
Early-life nutrition has been linked to improved adult outcomes in what area?
Cognitive function
Ultraprocessed foods tend to reduce levels of what type of bacteria?
Beneficial bacteria
Excess intake of added sugars increases the risk of which metabolic disease?
Type 2 diabetes
How are stress, depression, and heart disease connected physiologically?
Through inflammation
One concern with some food additives is increased risk of what cancer?
Colorectal cancer
Why is early peanut introduction recommended for infants?
It reduces allergy risk
How does a disrupted microbiome contribute to inflammation?
By increasing gut permeability and immune activation
How do flavonoid-rich foods help regulate blood pressure?
By improving blood vessel function and reducing inflammation
Why is visceral fat more harmful than subcutaneous fat?
It releases inflammatory cytokines
Why might organic meat be less likely to harbor harmful pathogens?
Different farming and antibiotic practices
Older adults are at higher risk of deficiency of which vitamin due to absorption issues?
Vitamin B12
Long-lived individuals tend to have what microbiome characteristic?
Greater diversity and stability
Why does long-term poor diet increase cancer risk?
It promotes inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress
Reducing inflammation lowers the risk of which two major disease categories?
Cardiovascular disease and metabolic disease
How can food technology improve food safety and nutrition at the same time?
By reducing contamination and enhancing nutrient quality
Why does nutrition during pregnancy affect lifelong health outcomes?
It influences growth, metabolism, and disease risk
Improving gut health can lower the risk of which two chronic diseases?
Obesity and cardiovascular disease