Carbs
What elements are carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What elements are lipids made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in long chains with lots of Hydrogen but little oxygen.
What elements are proteins made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. (CHON)
What elements are Nucleic Acids made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. (CHONP)
What is it when you have three chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms?
A triglyceride
What is the name for a carbohydrate monomer.
Monosaccharides
(simple sugars)
What is a monomer for a lipid?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
(no true monomer)
What is a proteins monomer?
Amino acids joined by peptide bonds; 20 different amino acids.
What is a nucleic acids monomer?
Nucleotide- made of a phosphate, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
You lose a molecule of water to allow the monomers to bond with a oxygen atom.
What is the polymer for carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What is a lipids polymer?
Lipids do not have a polymer.
What is a proteins polymer?
Polypeptide
What are nucleic acid's polymers.
It has not polymer.
What is a condensation reaction.
It is when you add a molecule of water to a reaction to break up a polymer.
Simple Sugars: glucose
Disaccharides-- Maltose
Polysaccharides- starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin.
What is an example of a lipid?
Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
What is a example of a protein?
Collagen, Albumin, and hemoglobin.
What is a example of a protein?
DNA and RNA
List the four functional groups.
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Amina
Phosphate
What is a function of a Carbohydrate?
Primary Energy Source
Plants- starch is a long term energy source, cellulose makes the cell wall of plants.
Animals- chitin forms exoskeleton of arthropods, glycogen is energy storage in liver and muscles.
What is a function of a lipid?
Long term energy storage
--Triglycerides
Animals: saturated fatty acids- animal fats
Unsaturated fatty acids- ex: linoleic acid- common in plants.
Phosphlipids in both plant and animal cell membranes.
--cholesterol
What is a function of proteins?
collagen- connective tissue
-albumin helps form blood clots
Plants and animals:
-hormones regulate a function for growth or development.
What is a function of nucleic acids?
Genetic Information
What happens to a substrate when added to an enzyme?
It divides into two make two products from the reaction.